Eyewear in Korean Fashion

Eyewear in Korean Fashion

By SmartBuyGlasses Editorial Team

Eyewear korean fashion

For good reason, K-dramas and K-pop have done a great job of popularising Korean media, Korean culture and Korean food. 

Actors and artists dazzle audiences with picture-perfect performances and outfits are second to none in importance.

Korean fashion is known for its elegance and masterful pairing of minimalist styles and statement pieces. This style extends to clothing and accessories, with eyewear an ever-popular choice to add flair.

Read on to learn about top eyewear trends in Korean fashion. From dramatic oversized frames to retro-round ones, there’s something for everyone.

Some of the top eyewear trends

What are the top eyewear trends in Korean fashion? There are plenty of eyeglasses and sunglasses options to choose from, so let’s break them down.

Oversized designs

Oversized designs are a popular choice in Korean fashion. Their rise in popularity among fashionistas and celebrities is for good reason– these frames can add a dramatic and mysteriously elegant feel to any outfit.

woman wearing eyeglasses

Oversized frames are versatile and work well with both casual and formal outfits. In addition, they suit all faces, from square to round.

Round glasses

round eyeglasses

Round glasses are another popular Korean eyewear trend, both with metal and plastic frames.

This style combines vintage fashion with a boho look, making it perfect for those striving for a quirky, nostalgic and elegant vibe. 

Transparent clear frames

clear eyeglasses

Transparent clear frames are one of the most popular styles in Korean eyewear choices– everyone loves their understated, subtle, yet sleek look.

They combine simplistic minimalism with a modern style and are very versatile as they go with outfits of all types and colours. 

Fashionistas in Korea also love transparent coloured frames, which add an extra dash of style.

Cat-eye glasses

Cat-eye glasses

Korean fashion isn’t just about simplicity and minimalism; it can be quite daring and bold. This is where cat-eye designs come in– after all, a touch of drama can go a long way in making a style distinctive. 

These frames take centre stage with their feminine and elegant edge, making them a big hit with women of all ages who love bolder designs. 

And if you’re looking to dress to impress, choose models with eye-catching details, such as gold accents or diamante features.

Tinted lenses

korean wearing tinted lenses

In Korean fashion, daring, cool and super-trendy tinted lenses are a knockout. Popularised by K-drama actors and K-pop idols, these glasses make a statement.

Tinted lenses are very versatile and add a playful finish to your look. You can choose from a range of options, including everything from blues and pinks to more dramatic colours, such as purples and reds.

Diverse range of styles

Korean eyewear trends are diverse, ranging from playful and fun to elegant and sophisticated. 

There’s something for all tastes and preferences, so what are you waiting for? Pick out some shades and elevate your K-fashion look to the next level.

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Brand Spotlight: Celine

Brand Spotlight: Celine

French fashion house Celine is known for its impact on minimalist luxury– we’re talking clean lines, premium leather and an understated vibe.

Celine is undoubtedly one of the most influential luxury brands of our time and successfully combines classic fashion with modern influences. 

Let’s go back in time to 1945 to explore Celine’s surprising beginnings and how the aspirational Celine eyewear collection was founded.

Celine through time

Did you know that Celine started off as a made-to-measure children’s shoe shop? Don’t worry if you didn’t; it’s one of those facts that very few people know.

In 1945 Celine Vipiana, alongside her husband Richard, opened their very first boutique. Here they offered one-of-a-kind shoes that would very quickly become iconic in their region of France. 

As their success grew, the late 1950s and early 1960s saw the couple’s expansion into women’s footwear, accessories and ready-to-wear sports collections. 

Their brand mission was clear– functional minimalism, a refreshing break in the brash fashion industry of the times.  

In the mid-1960s, they introduced notable fragrances, belts, gloves and perhaps most famously, bags.

As the brand grew, Celine’s focus shifted to the world of high-end collections and understated luxury. 

This new direction was highly popular, and Celine’s product sales sky-rocketed. To keep up with it all, Celine eventually opened a factory in Florence, Italy.

The creation of an iconic logo

Celine’s first logo was a distinctive red elephant created by cartoonist Raymond Peynet, but that design wasn’t long-lived.

In the 1970s, Vipiana designed a brand new logo— the one you see today. This simple yet instantly recognisable intertwined double C is named the Blazon Chaine and contains an easter egg.

If you look closely at the central pattern, you’ll see a subtle nod to the Arc de Triomphe, a stunning Parisian landmark.

Celine sets their sights on specs

Celine first introduced their eyewear in the 1960s, and it’s definitely one of their most undervalued product categories. 

Though not as well known as other Celine staples, these frames are unique and deserve to be in the spotlight way more than they are. 

Following in the chic footsteps of the brand’s clothing and handbags, Celine eyewear features sharp lines, stylish designs and high-quality materials. These combine for an elegantly timeless appeal.

black sunglasses

Just as elegant is the subtle branding, such as the three discreet dots found at the temples of many of their models.

This effortlessly chic detail is a hallmark of French fashion, and it’s one you can wear wherever you are in the world.

The craftsmanship

Made in Italy using premium materials such as acetate, metal and top-notch lenses, the brand’s commitment to quality runs deep. 

Made in Italy using premium materials such as acetate, metal and top-notch lenses, Celine’s frames are as durable as they are fashionable.

It’s not just the frames, though; Celine’s lenses are second to none. Whether in the city or on a faraway island, you can rest assured knowing that Celine sunglasses come with 100% UV protection.

celine eyewear

This exceptional quality and craftsmanship is what has popularised them with celebrities and fashion influencers alike. 

They have now cemented their role as a staple in the classic cool-girl aesthetic, with models like their oversized square frames the perfect addition to complement this style.

If that’s your vibe, then it’s time to invest in a new pair of shades– you’ll love them.

The future of Celine eyewear

Over the years, Celine has seen creative directors come and go. Michael Kors took over after Celine’s death in 1998, remaining in charge until 2004. Since then, many more have sat at the helm of this fashion powerhouse.

Former creative director for Saint Laurent, Hedi Slimane, was announced as the brand’s new creative director in 2018. 

During that time, she rebranded and Celine’s designs changed to incorporate a hard punk edge. 

Under Slimane, Celine’s eyewear transitioned to a more rock-and-roll aesthetic. Think aviators with metal frames, retro gradient lenses and bigger, bolder logos– you’ll even find studded ski goggles.

Whether you’re a fan of classic Celine or more modernised designs, one thing is clear– Celine’s eyewear is timeless, iconic and cool. 

With a pair of Celine glasses or sunglasses, you’ll always be stepping out in style. What are you waiting for? Grab a pair to see for yourself, you’ll love them.

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Brand Spotlight: Calvin Klein

Brand Spotlight: Calvin Klein

When looking for your next pair of glasses or sunglasses, which brands do you think of? If Calvin Klein isn’t one of them, it will be by the time you’ve finished reading.

This household name successfully built its reputation on Calvin Klein underwear, iconic for its clean lines, sleek silhouettes and modern aesthetic. 

Join us as we explore how the brand went from underwear to eyewear, and everything in between.

Calvin Klein throughout the years

First and foremost– who exactly is Calvin Klein? 

Calvin Richard Klein is an American fashion designer born in New York City in the 1940s. His passion for art and design started at a young age, leading him to the success he’s known for. 

Founded in 1968 in a heady world of maximalism, the first Calvin Klein collection quickly became a recognisable force in the fashion world thanks to its chic and minimalist vibe. 

Throughout the 1970s, the brand continued growing and became a staple for Americans tired of the elaborate styles of the swinging sixties.

woman wearing sunglasses

This initial success was largely tied to its collection of women’s coats and dresses, but the 1980s saw the brand quickly expand into more avenues.

This is when Calvin Klein underwear was founded, alongside Calvin Klein apparel, cosmetics, fragrances and accessories. 

A lesson in marketing

Calvin Klein’s success story can be attributed not only to its products but also to its incredible marketing campaigns.

Always on the provocative side, their ads featuring black and white images of topless men in boxers and women in Calvin Klein jeans are so iconic that they’ve become part of our cultural imagery. 

Such ads, alongside collaborations with actors, actresses, pop stars and supermodels worldwide, have firmly cemented the brand’s status as a high fashion leader.

Not only is the brand instantly recognisable, it’s aspirational– everyone wants in on the action.

Eyeglasses

The 1990s saw the birth of CK glasses. Produced by Marchon Eyewear, one of the world’s largest manufacturers of optical frames and sunglasses, Calvin Klein glasses are made to an extremely high standard.

Just try them and see for yourself.

Focusing on clean designs and contemporary aesthetics, this eyewear collection was developed to complement Calvin Klein’s essential minimalism.

You’ll find functional frames that go with everything and look great on everyone, all in the brand’s classic style.

man wearing eyeglasses

What can you expect from CK Calvin Klein eyewear? Slim and lightweight frames with refined lines, neutral tones and subtle branding at the arms. 

The materials are premium– titanium, acetate and stainless steel– and thanks to features such as adjustable nose pads every pair is as comfortable as it is durable, while remaining effortlessly stylish. 

If you’re a fan of refined yet simplistic outfits that feel classy, Calvin Klein eyewear is likely to be right down your alley.

With their most featured colours being black, tortoiseshell, grey and muted metals, these collections are elegant enough to stand the test of time.

For sunny days

CK eyewear isn’t limited to eyeglasses; there’s also a Calvin Klein sunglasses collection. These have a bit more of a high-fashion edge and are designed to make a statement. 

Discover a wide range of oversized and angular frames to add that final impactful touch to your look. With gradient, mirror or polarised lenses, you can protect your eyes in the most stylish of ways.

man wearing sunglasses

Just find your style of choice and you’re good to go, they have it all– aviator, cat-eye, butterfly, square, round or rectangular.

To the future

With each new collection, it’s clear Calvin Klein is trending towards more eco-friendly decisions regarding materials and sustainable design practices. 

This is just one of the many trends CK has successfully adapted to, and their ability to stay on top of what people want guarantees they will remain a leader for time to come. 

That said, they always keep their core principles close to their hearts, and will always remain the minimalistic yet innovative brand that we have all grown to love.

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Brand Spotlight: Armani Exchange

When discussing stylish brands that embody the values of fashion and style, Armani Exchange stands out. 

With its penchant for Italian fashion and modern designs, Armani Exchange has been revolutionising fashion since 1997.

Originally a clothing company, Armani Exchange now also sells accessories like sunglasses and wristwatches. Here, you will learn about the brand, its history and its evolution in time.

The birth of Armani Exchange

Also known as A|X, Armani Exchange was founded in 1991 by Giorgio Armani, a famous fashion designer and successful twentieth-century personality.

With this line, the company aimed to establish a younger counterpart to the Armani clothing line. 

The idea was to appeal to a fresh, new, trendy market that aspired for Armani but needed an entry point. 

To achieve this, Armani decided A|X needed to combine the essence of street-wear fashion with classic Italian taste. 

Evolution of Armani Exchange

Armani Exchange was successful upon launch. Though it started as a clothing brand, it soon expanded to jewellery, bags, watches and of course, eyewear. 

The increased brand awareness that resulted from that allowed Armani Exchange to expand to different countries.

Now of global importance, Armani Exchange has spread to some of the most important fashion capitals in the world, such as New York and Tokyo.

Signature design elements

Armani Exchange designs combine minimalism with the urban spirit and style. For example, unlike many others, A|X sunglasses and eyeglasses are free from geometric shapes. 

Instead, they are simple and modern-looking frames that aim to leverage mainstream styles.

woman wearing armani exchange eyeglasses

Armani Exchange eyewear collection

The A|X eyewear collection offers appealing designs for any face shape.

These elegant frames are generally made in high-quality acetates that range from classic black and brown to vibrant hues. They also have a minimalistic approach to logos that helps keep the design simple.

That said, Armani Exchange is young and stays on top of the latest trends. 

Their vast sunglasses collection features trendy inserts like brand-new aviators, wayfarer-inspired styles and big glamourous frames– with lens quality second to none.

man and woman wearing armani exchange eyeglasses

Their eyeglasses collection is similarly vast, with styles that go from rectangular to oval and cat-eye

Throughout all these different styles, they keep their frames consistent. Every pair features the elements that define the aesthetics of the A|X line, such as the logos’ location and the choice of materials.

Innovation in Armani Exchange eyewear

Today, Armani Exchange is constantly setting new trends and standards. For example, it has successfully transitioned to using more sustainable materials, reflecting its commitment to the environment.

In particular, they now use bio-acetates and recycled materials in their manufacturing processes, all without sacrificing the quality feel of their frames.

Materials aren’t the only thing that’s changed, though; Armani Exchange has also revolutionised its lenses. 

It now offers multiple options, such as polarised lenses, photochromic lenses and anti-reflective coatings.  Not only do these features protect your eyes, they add to the aesthetic appeal.

man wearing armani exchange eyeglasses

Publicity and fame

Armani Exchange has become a preferred brand among celebrities and trendsetters. This mimics the success seen with the Emporio Armani collection and has greatly increased market demand.

This popularity was also helped along by its A|X’s association with fashion magazines and social networking sites. 

This has led to great content that showcases the brand’s strengths, such as commercials focused on its commitment to body positivity and metropolitan life. 

While in the ‘90s, Armani Exchange was just the newborn branch of the Armani empire, it is now a recognisable fashion giant. 

That said, it’s still part of the huge Armani brand and reflects their values in all products. 

Armani Exchange eyeglasses and sunglasses are a testament to quality and style, proving that you can be both trendy and classy. So what are you waiting for? Come check it out.

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Data Hub: The State of Fashion-Related Verticals in E-commerce

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Data Hub: The State of Fashion-Related Verticals in E-commerce

Written by Isabella Novack and Emma Moletto

E-commerce businesses need to stay on top of emerging trends, consumer behaviour and market opportunities to stay afloat in a highly competitive space. 

The fashion industry and all its segments are key drivers of growth and innovation.

Some notable trends include the rise of apparel and accessories as top-selling categories, the dominance of social media as a purchasing platform, and the significant growth potential in global markets, particularly in Asia and the Americas. 

Analysing critical aspects of the customer journey—such as purchase frequency, conversion rates and platform preferences—can help businesses identify areas for expansion and optimize strategies for better results.

Let’s dive into the latest data and insights shaping fashion-related verticals in e-commerce.

Market Overview

The fashion segment is growing steadily, with even steeper growth for specific product categories and markets:

  • By 2030, the fashion segment is projected to reach US$1,627bn.
  • The number of customers and overall apparel and accessories revenue are increasing steadily.
  • 24% of online sales are in the Asian market, with 20.7% in the Americas, representing the two markets with the most extensive sales distribution.  
  • General apparel performs better as a vertical, with a conversion rate of 2.2%, while the average conversion rate for online shopping is 1.8%.
  • Luxury apparel converts less than general apparel, with a conversion rate of 0.7%. 
  • As of 2023, apparel and accessories are the most purchased product categories on social media, followed by wellness and health products. 
  • According to a survey poll, 44% of respondents have purchased apparel and accessories more than once, with 18% purchasing more than once.
  • 19% of the survey respondents purchased health and wellness products more than once, but only 42% purchased overall.
Small shopping cart filled with shopping bags on top of a keyboard

Key statistics

The fashion accessories e-commerce market within the fashion e-commerce industry is growing rapidly, driven by increasing global demand and evolving consumer behaviours.

  • By 2024, revenue in the accessories market is projected to reach US$185.60bn.
  • Revenue is expected to grow at an annual rate (CAGR 2024-2029) of 8.71%, resulting in a projected market volume of US$281.80bn by 2029.
  • With a projected market volume of US$63,980.00m in 2024, most revenue is generated in China.
  • By 2029, users are expected to amount to 574.5m in the accessories market.
  • User penetration will be 6.9% in 2024, projected to reach 7.8% by 2029.
  • The average revenue per user (ARPU) is projected to be US$0.43k by 2029.
  •  

Conclusions

  • Fashion e-commerce is rising, with global revenue projected to hit US$1,627 billion by 2030. Both apparel and accessories are seeing continuous revenue growth.
  • Asia leads online fashion sales with 24%, followed by the Americas at 20.7%. China, in particular, will dominate accessories revenue in 2024.
  • General apparel converts at 2.2% vs. luxury’s 0.7%. This reflects differing shopper intentions—general apparel buyers browse with the intent to purchase, while luxury shoppers browse more casually.
  • Accessories user penetration is rising and is projected to reach 7.8% by 2029. The number of users is also growing, as is the ARPU, which is projected to reach around US$0.43k.
  • Apparel and accessories are the top social media purchases, outpacing even health and wellness items. This signals the strength of social channels as key sales drivers.

Though more social media users purchase apparel and accessories, they are more likely to repurchase health and wellness items. This is likely due to the nature of the product, as it’s less likely to make repeat purchases on long-lasting goods such as apparel and accessories.

Health and wellness goods also have a shorter lifespan and are generally less expensive, which enables users to purchase them more frequently.

Furthermore, another contributing factor to this trend is likely found in the degree of certainty with which users purchase apparel vs wellness goods: generally, one will only purchase apparel they know they like, as opposed to wellness goods, which a user might buy to test. 

What does this mean for the digital fashion industry?

Computer and smartphone showing data
  • The steady rise in revenue, particularly in Asia and the Americas, emphasises expansion opportunities in these markets with region-specific strategies.
  • The higher conversion rate of general apparel suggests a focus on affordability and accessibility, while luxury brands should emphasize experience and brand prestige to engage more casual browsers. This points to the need for tailored approaches.
  • Rising user penetration and higher ARPU in the accessories segment point to a growing demand that brands can tap into with personalised product offerings and targeted marketing.
  • Apparel and accessories outperform other categories on social platforms, highlighting the importance of prioritising social media. Some ways to do this are by investing in influencer campaigns, user-generated content and social commerce tools.
  • Lower repeat purchases in apparel and accessories compared to health and wellness goods suggest that brands should seek innovation to drive customer loyalty. To this end, they could explore subscription models, limited editions, or innovative product features.
  • With the growth of these industries, consumers have more choices than ever before. Brands must target the right segments and effectively leverage data to meet specific customer needs.

Where do Rare Eye Colours Come From?

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Where do Rare Eye Colours Come From?

By Amanda Albuquerque
Reviewed by Beck Jinnette
Beck Jinnette

Reviewed by

Beck Jinnette
Beck has over 17 years of experience in eye care, holding her Certificate IV in Dispensing in Australia.
From amber eyes to violet and red, discover which conditions lead to extraordinarily rare eye colours.
violet eyes

Eye colour is a unique and captivating aspect of human appearance, with its variety rooted in genetics and pigmentation. 

While brown eyes are the most common eye colour, accounting for about 79% of the population, green eyes are uncommon and seen in only 2% of people worldwide. That said, we’ve all seen people with dark brown, blue and hazel eyes in our day to day lives.

What we’re less likely to have seen are the shades that go beyond the typical spectrum. From amber to violet, rare eye colours intrigue us with their beauty and mystery and spark questions about their origins and the science behind them.

What determines eye colour?

Eye colour is determined by the pigmentation of the iris and the way light interacts with it. This process is primarily influenced by two factors: melanin and genetics.

Melanin

The amount of melanin in the iris is responsible for determining the depth of the eye’s colour. Specific types of melanin lead to specific hues.

For example, black-brown pigment melanin leads to darker eyes like brown eyes, while lower melanin levels lead to lighter eyes, such as blue or grey.

The way melanin is distributed also plays a role. Varying melanin levels through the iris can produce a spectrum of colours, such as hazel or amber.

Genetics

Have you ever noticed children tend to have the same eyes as their parents? Not surprisingly, eye colour is also highly influenced by genetics.

That said, it’s not as simple as it appears, and having two blue eyed parents doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll have blue eyes.

Eye colour is a polygenic trait, meaning multiple genes contribute to its development. Specific gene combinations inherited from parents control melanin production and distribution. 

Interestingly, this genetic interplay can produce rare and unique shades, mainly when recessive genes come into play.

Young woman and older woman eyes

Interestingly, this genetic interplay can produce rare and unique shades, mainly when recessive genes come into play.

Rarest eye colours and their causes

Violet and red

These eye colours are incredibly rare. Instead of being caused by pigmentation, they occur due to the way light scatters. 

Red eyes are often found in individuals with albinism, where a lack of melanin leads blood vessels to show through the iris.

Violet eye

Violet eyes, in turn, are an optical illusion that results from the combination of red light being reflected and blue light scattering.

Rarity

Violet and red irises are extremely rare, with less than 1% of the population having these colours.

Green

Green eyes result from a combination of low melanin levels and a yellowish pigment called lipochrome.

Green eye

Unlike the previous rare eye colours, green eyes aren’t caused by medical conditions but through unique genetic combinations that result in a low concentration of melanin.

Rarity

Green is the rarest “common” eye colour, found in only about 2% of the population. It is predominantly found in individuals of European descent.

Grey

Often mistaken for blue eyes, grey eyes are light in colour and can shift tone depending on the lighting and surroundings. They often present with flecks of gold.

Grey eye

They are caused by low levels of melanin and a uniform lack of pigmentation in the iris stroma, which leads to their distinctive silvery appearance.

Rarity

Grey eyes are considered a very rare eye colour and are only seen in roughly 3% of the world’s population. They are most commonly found in Northern and Eastern Europe.

Amber

Amber eyes are characterised by their striking, warm, golden and coppery hues. They result from high levels of lipochrome pigment, which produces a yellowish and brown tone.

Amber eye

This colour stands out due to its distinctive glow.

Rarity

Amber eyes are found in less than 5% of the population, with higher prevalence in people of Asian, South American, and Spanish heritage. 

Interestingly, they are more commonly found in animals than humans.

Rare conditions that affect eye colour

Heterochromia

This condition causes one iris to have a different colour from the other or a single iris to have multiple colours. For instance, a person with heterochromia could have one brown eye and one blue eye.

Man with Heterochromia pointing at his eyes

While some people are born with it, heterochromia can also occur due to an injury or medical condition. It affects about 1 in 200 people worldwide.

DID YOU KNOW?

Heterochromia is rare in humans but relatively common in animals, especially in certain dog breeds (like Siberian Huskies) and cats.

Albinism

Albinism is a condition characterised by a significant reduction of melanin production in the skin, hair and eyes. In some cases, it only impacts the eyes, which is called ocular albinism.

Albino eye

Individuals with this condition can have very light blue, violet, or red eyes. This affects about 1 in 20,000 people globally.

Arcus Senilis

Technically, this condition doesn’t change the iris colour directly but instead creates a grey, white, or blue ring around the cornea, causing the person’s eye colour eye to look grey/white.

This crescent ring is made of lipid deposits that curve around the edges of the cornea, sometimes extending all around it. Aside from aesthetics, this condition doesn’t cause vision problems.

Arcus senilis is highly common in older people. It affects about 20-35% of people aged 50 and above.

Cataracts

This eye condition causes the lenses of the eyes to have a milky or opaque appearance, making them look cloudy and white.

Some of the symptoms include blurry vision, faded colours, double vision and sensitivity to bright lights. Symptoms tend to only appear in those aged 60 and above.

Globally, 17% of people have cataracts that affect their vision. They are most common in those who are older, as the proteins in the lenses of the eyes start to naturally deteriorate after the age of 40.

Cataracts eye

As cataracts are quite common, it’s good to get frequent checkups with your eye doctor as you age. Cataracts are easily treatable and an eye health professional will know what treatment option is best for you.

The mystery behind rare eyes

Eye colours have long been an object of interest, and rarer ones are both fascinating and a good reflection of the complexity of genetics and biology. 

But remember, regardless of whether they’re a more common hue or one of the rarest, every eye colour is unique and tells its own story.

And feel free to reach out to our opticians if you’d like to know more about eye anatomy or genetics, they’re here to help.

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What is My Eye Colour?

Ask our opticians

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What is my Eye Colour?

By Amanda Albuquerque
Reviewed by Maria Horan FBDO
Maria Horan FBDO

Reviewed by

Maria Horan FBDO
Holding a BSc Honours in Ophthalmic Dispensing awarded at Anglia Ruskin University, Maria has over 17 years of optical experience.
Learn more about the fascinating subject of eye colour. Understand what determines them, how rare your own eye colour is, and fun facts.
Young woman and older woman eyes

Did you know blue eyes are not actually blue? A blue iris does not contain any blue pigment. They appear blue for the same reason the sky does. 

Light entering the eye is scattered through the iris and perceived as blue because blue is the shortest wavelength of visible light; therefore, more of it is reflected out. 

Blue eyes are more commonly found in individuals of European descent, and it’s estimated that only 8-10% of the world’s population has them, making them a relatively rare trait.

What determines the colour of the eyes?

When speaking about eye colour, we are referring to the colour of each eye’s iris, a double-layered ring of muscle tissue around the pupil that controls how much light enters the eye.

The colour of the iris is primarily determined by the amount and type of pigment called melanin.

The amount of melanin in the iris influences how light is absorbed and reflected, resulting in different eye colours. Melanin is stored in structures called melanosomes within the iris. 

Eyes with minimal pigment in fewer melanosomes, like blue eyes, appear lighter. In contrast, brown eyes have a higher density of melanin distributed across many melanosomes, giving them their rich, dark colour. 

Green and hazel eyes fall in between, with moderate melanin levels and melanosome numbers.

Three eye colors, blue, green, and brown, alongside diagrams of melanocytes within the iris. For blue eyes, the melanocytes contain a few light-colored melanosomes scattered around the nucleus. In green eyes, the melanocytes have deeper orange melanosomes spread evenly around the nucleus. For brown eyes, the melanocytes are densely packed with dark brown melanosomes filling most of the cell

Genetics is the second factor that determines eye colour. The eye colour genes inherited from your parents impact how much melanin is present in your eyes and how it’s distributed. 

That said, genetic inheritance is hard to parse, and a trait can skip generations. For example, having two blue eyed parents isn’t enough to guarantee blue eyes. 

Although extensive research has been done on the matter, the genetics of eye colour are highly complex. As is often the case with genetics, it is an object of continuous study in our attempt to understand human DNA.

Eye colours

Photo of eye colors in the following order: blue, gray, hazel and green

Blue

Did you know blue eyes are not actually blue? A blue iris does not contain any blue pigment. They appear blue for the same reason the sky does. 

Light entering the eye is scattered through the iris and perceived as blue because blue is the shortest wavelength of visible light; therefore, more of it is reflected out. 

Blue eyes are more commonly found in individuals of European descent, and it’s estimated that only 8-10% of the world’s population has them, making them a relatively rare trait.

DID YOU KNOW?

People with blue eyes share a common ancestor who lived around 6,000 to 10,000 years ago, making blue eyes a relatively “new” human trait.

Grey

At first glance, grey-coloured eyes may appear blue, with gold and brown flecks. Similar to blue eyes, they have little melanin in the iris, but since the lack of pigmentation is more uniform, the colour is more transparent and lighter.

Gray eyes can be particularly striking because they can shift in tone depending on the lighting, clothing and surrounding colours. However, they are even less common than blue eyes, being found in only about 3% of the world’s population.

Hazel

Hazel eyes are characterised as a mixture of green, brown and gold. They can appear to change colours with lighting, ranging from a light brown to a greenish hue.

Hazel eyes occur due to the presence of a moderate amount of melanin and multiple pigment layers in the iris.

They make up about 5% of the global population, though they are relatively more common in individuals of European, Middle Eastern and North African descent.

Green

Green is the rarest colour on this list because it only occurs when a specific set of genes is combined with a specific amount of melanin.

Woman with green eyes smiling

They are most commonly found in people of European descent and account for only around 2% of the world’s population.

Brown

Brown eyes are the most common eye colour, with approximately 79% of eyes falling in this category. This colour is a result of higher levels of melanin in the iris, which absorbs more light and gives the eye a rich and dark appearance. 

The abundance of melanin in brown eyes can help protect the retina from harmful UV light, making it slightly more resistant to sun damage.

Fun facts about eye colour

Babies are often born with blue eyes

Even without blue-eyed genes, babies can be born with blue eyes. This can happen due to a lack of pigment at birth, having been in a dark environment until then, or both. As the baby grows and is exposed to more light, their eye colour can change.

Baby with blue eyes

Although the final color generally appears within 6 to 12 months of age, they can still change until they’re about three years old.

Some conditions can lead to even rarer eye colours

Although we know that green and grey eye colours are particularly rare, certain genetic variations and medical conditions can produce even rarer. For instance, amber eyes can result from a high concentration of the pigment lipochrome.

Young boy with amber eyes

Similarly, pink eyes can result from minimal pigmentation and visible blood vessels, and conditions like heterochromia can even lead to multi-toned eyes.

Sensitivity to light can depend on your eye colour

Due to lower levels of pigmentation, people with light-coloured eyes, such as blue or green eyes, may be more sensitive to light than those with darker ones, such as dark brown eyes.

When light reaches a darker-coloured iris, the higher pigment density can help block the light rays. When it reaches a lighter iris, more light passes through the back of the eye, which can cause discomfort and damage.

Eye colour can change

We know why this happens with babies, but what about adults?

There are many interesting things about the human eye. Colour variation is just one of them.

Three close-up shots of eyes: Top pair of eyes are dark brown, the pair in the middle are bright blue, and the pair on the bottom are dark brown.

Although rare, there is a slight chance that eye colour will change in adults. Some reasons may be medical, such as eye injury and medication side effects. Other reasons can also cause this, such as long-term sun exposure, aging and more.

All eyes are unique

Did you know that your eye colour is as unique as your fingerprint?

Beyond its practical role in vision, eye colour carries a history shaped by genetics, ancestry and individuality.

Whether it is the darkest shades of brown, a vivid green, or a sparkling light blue, it is an essential part of you and a window to the traits that make you one of a kind.

That said, if you want to have a different eye colour, you can always wear coloured contacts. These are available in a variety of colours with and without prescription. 

Just remember that coloured contacts with vision correction are medical devices, so you will first need a valid prescription from a licensed optician.

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Contact Lenses: Myths and Misconceptions

Contact Lenses: Myths and Misconceptions

By Amanda Albuquerque
Reviewed by Beck Jinnette
Beck Jinnette

Reviewed by

Beck Jinnette
Beck has over 17 years of experience in eyecare and holds her Certificate IV in Dispensing in Australia.
Learn the truth from widespread contact lens myths. Make well-informed decisions when it comes to your health.
finger holding out a contact lens

Wearing contact lenses has become a popular option for vision correction among people with refractive errors due to their practical and aesthetic characteristics.

In fact, in the United States, up to 11% of all people who require vision correction are contact lens wearers.

However, just as with sunglasses and glasses, their widespread use didn’t stop myths and misconceptions from getting in the way of proper knowledge, leaving many hesitant to try them.

Here we’ll talk about these common misconceptions about contact lenses, and explain where they come from and what the truth is.

Myth #1: Contact lenses aren't suitable for any age

This comes from outdated information regarding their care and usage. Though that way has been the case in the past, many still believe this type of vision correction is only suitable for specific age brackets and not for children or seniors.

Fact

Contact lenses can be used by a wide range of ages, from children as young as 8 to seniors. 

Nowadays, they are available to correct all types of prescriptions. As long as the user is mature enough to use and maintain contact lenses properly, they can be a great option.

Young boy holding contact lens case in one hand, and a pair of glasses on the other

Eye care professionals can recommend options based on an individual’s specific needs, eye health and lifestyle. In fact, contact lenses can benefit children with certain eye conditions, such as myopia, by slowing its progression.

Myth #2: Contacts can get stuck behind the eyes

The idea that contact lenses can slip to the back of the eyeball and get stuck there is a common and rather disturbing fear, especially for first-time wearers. Thankfully, the idea is nothing more than an eye anatomy misconception.

Fact

The white part of the eyes is connected to the eyelids by a thin membrane called the conjunctiva. Thanks to how the eyes work, nothing can get to the back of the eye, making this myth physically impossible.

Myth #3: Contact lenses can damage the eyes

Some are hesitant to wear contact lenses because they think they can easily cause harm to the eyes, leading to more eye health problems.

Fact

If you follow the proper wear directions provided by an eye care professional, from how to insert them and how long to wear them to proper care and maintenance, there is no need to stress about any potential damage. Contact lenses are perfectly safe.

Woman holding a contact lens close to her eye

In addition, most modern contact lenses are made of materials that allow oxygen to reach the eyes, ensuring optimal comfort and safety.

However, neglecting proper usage, such as not following their replacement schedule, wearing them during sleep and having an improper cleaning routine, can potentially lead to eye infections. Just like with any other medical treatment, it is crucial to use them properly.

Myth #4: Contact lenses can get stuck in the eyes

The fear of the lenses getting stuck to the eye can often deter people from trying contact lenses.

Fact

Lenses can occasionally feel like they’re stuck, especially when the eyes are dry. If this happens, rehydrating the eye with sterile saline or applying a few drops will loosen the lens for easy removal. In general, they can always be safely removed.

DID YOU KNOW?

Contacts are so safe that only 1 out of 500 people get a serious eye infection!

Myth #5: Wearing contact lenses is uncomfortable

A common concern is that wearing contacts might feel irritable and unnatural. After all, they are directly placed on the eyeballs.

Fact

Earlier contact lens materials, such as glass and hard plastic, tended to cause some discomfort.

However, modern contact lenses are made with high-tech, lightweight materials that adapt to the shape of your eye, like silicon hydrogel. These are designed to provide maximum comfort throughout the day. 

When wearing them for the first time, there could be a short adjustment period where they may feel strange, but most users quickly adapt and even forget they’re wearing lenses.

Man putting contact lens on in front of the mirror

Regularly replacing your lenses and using the proper contact lens solution can help prevent any discomfort.

Myth #6: Contact lenses can fall out easily

A common assumption is that contact lenses can unexpectedly fall out from the eyes, especially during physical activities, leaving users with sudden poor vision.

Fact

Adequately fitted contact lenses should never fall out. They are designed to stay in place even during vigorous activity. 

For added security, some lenses, such as toric lenses for astigmatism, are specifically designed to stay aligned with the eye’s shape.

The only way they can move is by shifting to another part of the eyes, which is rare. However, by blinking a few times and lightly pressing the eyelids, the lens will quickly return to the correct location.

Myth #7: It's too much work to take care of them

Many perceive the care and storage of contact lenses as a hassle, discouraging them from trying them.

Fact

Taking care of contact lenses is easier than many may think. 

Advances in lens technology have made care much simpler. Now you can find many different types of contact lenses.

Hands cleaning contact lens

Daily disposable contact lenses, for instance, are designed to be discarded after each use, making lens care irrelevant.

When it comes to reusable contact lens care, modern cleaning solutions streamline the process, allowing for quick and easy maintenance.

Choosing the correct type of contact lenses will ultimately depend on your lifestyle, needs and commitment to the proper care.

What you should really know about contact lenses

Living with vision problems shouldn’t hold you back from embracing life to the fullest. By educating yourself on eye health and the available options for vision correction, you can make informed choices that fit your lifestyle and personal needs.

When learning about health, it is crucial to be aware of any existing common myth. Contact lenses are a safe, effective and practical way of correcting your vision, offering a frameless alternative that many find functional and aesthetically appealing.

If you are a glass wearer and thinking of switching to contact lenses, make sure you understand how they work to have the best experience.

If you have any lingering concerns, feel free to reach out to our opticians for clarity. They’re here to provide expert advice and help you find the best vision solution for you.

Ask our opticians

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Is Reading in the Dark Bad for You?

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Is Reading in the Dark Bad for You?

By Amanda Albuquerque
Reviewed by Beck Jinnette
Beck Jinnette

Reviewed by

Beck Jinnette
Beck has over 17 years of experience in eye care, holding her Certificate IV in Dispensing in Australia.
Reading in the dark might lead to temporary eye discomfort, but not permanent damage.
man reading in the dark

If you’ve ever been caught reading in the dark, chances are, someone–maybe a family member or a well-intended teacher–warned you that you were damaging your eyesight. This is a common belief that’s been around for several generations.

The question is: is reading in the dark really bad for your eyes? Or is it just an age-old myth? To answer this, it’s important to explore how our eyes respond to different lighting and the harm it can cause. 

In this article, we will dive into the effects of reading in dim light, from how the eyes adapt to these conditions to whether it’s something we should avoid.

Reading in the dark: myth or fact?

This might come as a surprise, but although reading in low light settings can cause eye strain and make reading more challenging, the idea that it causes permanent eye damage is largely a myth.

Man sitting on a desk reading with dim lighting

When in a dim light environment, the eye has to work harder to focus, which can generate discomfort. However, this strain is only temporary, usually going away once the activity is finished.

Studies have shown that poor lighting can cause temporary discomfort while reading, but there’s no direct link to long-term vision problems like nearsightedness or astigmatism.

Reading in dim light has been an ongoing activity humans have performed throughout the centuries: think of candlelight for instance. 

Yet, there is no evidence that previous generations suffered mass vision loss due to reading in the dark and we have no reason to believe this may be the case.

How eyes respond in low light

When you read in dim lighting, your eyes go through a series of adjustments to help you see more clearly. Here’s how different parts of the eyes adapt:

Pupil dilation

When walking into a dimly lit room after being outside in bright sunlight, your pupils automatically dilate to improve the amount of light that reaches the retina. 

three eye icons with different pupil sizes. The first eye has a small pupil and is labeled "In normal light." The second eye has a medium-sized pupil and is labeled "In bright light." The third eye has a large pupil and is labeled "In dim light."

This natural reaction happens to help you see better in different light conditions. However, when dilated for an extended period, your eyes can feel tired or strained.

Lens adjustment

When trying to focus on close-up objects, your eye’s lenses will automatically adjust their shape to help you focus your sight–think of how a camera lens adjusts its focus to an object to make the image sharper. 

When reading in a poorly lit environment, the adjustment to keep the text clear requires more effort, which can tire the eye muscles and make them feel fatigued faster than usual.

Retinal sensitivity

Retinal cells are responsible for turning light into images the brain can comprehend.

In low-light conditions, the most active type of retinal cells are the rods. While they improve vision in dim light, they don’t provide the same sharpness and detail as the cone cells, which are more active in brighter light. 

This shift of the predominant retinal cells can make reading more difficult and contribute to discomfort.

Effects of reading in low light

While reading in low light may not cause permanent damage to your eyes, it can lead to temporary discomfort. Recognising these signs will enable you to manage your reading habits more effectively and maintain your eye comfort.

Here are some temporary side effects that mean it’s probably time to give your eyes a break.

Temporary side effects

Some common temporary side effects of reading in low light include:

  • Eye fatigue: Because your eyes are working harder to see in the low light settings, you might start to experience muscle fatigue and heavy-feeling eyes quickly.

  • Dryness: Focusing on close-up objects for an extended period of time reduces your blink rate, leading to eye dryness. Low light may increase your discomfort by making the task feel more demanding.

  • Headaches: Also linked to the eye muscles working harder, the strain from doing close-up work in poor lighting conditions can lead to tension headaches, especially around the eyes and forehead.

  • Blurriness: Depending on how long you’ve been reading in dim light, you may notice brief episodes of blurred vision. But don’t worry: it is typically resolved quickly and doesn’t indicate permanent harm.

Long-term side effects

There is little to no evidence that links reading in low lighting with permanent vision damage and eye health professionals widely agree that structural changes to the eye—such as in the retina or lens—can’t be caused by it.

However, while poor lighting alone can’t be ruled as a risk factor, frequent eye strain can lead to certain conditions. 

Myopia (nearsightedness) for instance, is related to prolonged close-up tasks, while digital eye strain, especially if combined with activities like prolonged screen time, can become chronic if the strain is persistent.

DID YOU KNOW?

The average person blinks about 15 times per minute, but when reading, that rate can drop significantly, leading to increased eye strain and dryness. 

Tips for optimised comfort when reading in dim light

  • Adjustable lighting: Dimmable bedside lamps and clip-on book lights are good options for reading lights that can be easily adjusted without disturbing others.

  • Take breaks: If you catch yourself reading in the dark for a long period of time, remember to take breaks to relax your eye muscles. A good method is the 20-20-20 rule, in which you look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds every 20 minutes.

  • Increase text size: If you’re reading on a digital device, increase the font size and adjust the brightness for more comfort.

  • Blink often: Make the conscious effort to blink more frequently. By blinking, you keep your eyes moist, which is important when focusing on a text for extended periods.

  • Maintain good posture: Keep your book or device at a comfortable angle to avoid looking down to reduce eye strain.

  • Blue light filters: Blue light exposure can strain the eyes, especially in dark settings. To protect your eyes from it, you can switch your digital device to night mode or wear glasses that block blue light.

Four icons: The first has a lightbulb and is labeled "Ambient Light." The second has a clock and is labeled "Breaks." The third has a text icon and is labeled "Font Size." The fourth has a leaf and is labeled "Comfort."

Should I avoid reading in the dark?

Although it is best to read in well-lit settings, occasional dim light reading won’t harm your eyes in any permanent way.

If it doesn’t cause you discomfort and you are conscious of taking breaks and maintaining good posture, you can enjoy your evening reading without worries. 

However, if you start to experience frequent discomfort, it’s best to search for better lighting conditions to enhance your reading experience.

In summary, while reading in the dark may cause temporary eye strain, it won’t be the sole cause of any permanent damage. And by taking steps to reduce eye strain, you can make your reading more enjoyable.

Remember that your eye health relies on a range of factors, from genetics to prolonged exposure to daylight. Maintaining comfortable lighting is just one part of it. And if you still have questions don’t worry, our Opticians are here to help!

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Sunglasses: Myths and Misconceptions

Ask our opticians

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Sunglasses: Myths and Misconceptions

By Amanda Albuquerque
Reviewed by Maria Horan
Maria Horan

Reviewed by

Maria Horan
Maria Horan FBDO Dispensing Optician Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Holding a BSc Honours in Ophthalmic Dispensing awarded at Anglia Ruskin University, Maria has over 17 years of optical experience.
Learn the truth behind common myths surrounding sunglasses and learn their importance. Make informed decisions to take care of your health when shopping.
Hands holding sunglasses

Sunglasses are often viewed as only a stylish accessory, but they also have an essential role in protecting your eyes from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. This confusion often leads to myths and misconceptions that can result in their improper use. 

Misunderstandings about sunglasses—such as when to wear them and what type offers the best protection—can prevent you from getting the full benefits of eye care.

So let’s dive into some of the most widespread myths about sunglasses, uncover why they exist and provide the facts you need to safeguard your eyes while you express your style.

Myth #1: Sunglasses are only needed on sunny days

Sunglasses usage is strongly associated with sunny days – they even have “sun” in the name! 

When the sun feels less intense and your eyes don’t feel as sensitive to light, wearing sunglasses may seem pointless.

Man and woman smiling wearing sunglasses

However, it’s important to note that harmful UV rays can reach our eyes even on cloudier days.

Fact

Even on overcast days, up to 80% of these UV rays can penetrate through clouds and reach your eyes.

In addition, during winter days, snow can amplify this reflection, meaning that sunglasses usage is just as important in colder months.

In short, sunglasses should be worn year-round for consistent eye protection.

DID YOU KNOW?

The UV protection level functionality of sunglasses doesn’t fade, meaning they will last their lifetime.

Myth #2: Darker lenses provide better protection

It’s easy to see why this myth is so common—after all, what differentiates sunglasses from regular glasses is the lens tint. The assumption that the darker the lens, the better it is at shielding eyes from UV rays seems logical on the surface.

Fact

While darker sunglasses may look like they offer more protection, the tint does not determine the UV-blocking ability. In reality, the lens material and UV coating are what truly matters.

Nowadays, you can find light-tinted and even clear lens frames that offer 100% UV protection.

In fact, dark sunglasses that don’t properly block UV rays can cause an even greater risk to your eyes: a darker environment causes your pupils to dilate, which allows more harmful UV rays to reach the eyes.

This makes inadequate UV protection not just ineffective but potentially harmful.

Myth #3: Expensive sunglasses offer better protection than cheap ones

A higher price tag is often associated with superior quality. The more expensive the sunglasses are, the better protection you receive, right?

Fact

While it is true that high-quality brands tend to offer high-quality lens material, the effectiveness is not directly linked to the price.

With such a wide variety of brands and styles, you can easily find affordable glasses with the same UV protection as higher-end designer brands. 

The cost difference is often a result of the materials used, the branding and added features, such as polarisation and scratch resistance.

Woman looking at a pair of sunglasses from display

While designer sunglasses may offer higher durability and style, UV protection level is what’s really important to protect your eyes.

Next time you’re shopping, look for the UV label that is often present on the sunglass lenses.

Myth #4 The size and shape of the sunglasses don't matter

Sunglasses are often chosen based on personal style preferences and comfort, with the assumption that as long as you are wearing them your eyes are protected.

Fact

Oversized sunglasses can actually provide better coverage by blocking the UV rays from reaching your eyes through the sides – think of wraparound styles, for instance.

The skin around your eyes is particularly delicate, causing it to be more prone to sun damage and premature aging. Bigger sunglasses can help protect this area.

Smaller frames may look more trendy to some. Unfortunately, they often leave areas exposed to harmful rays.

Myth #5: Children don't need sunglasses

It is more common than not to see children playing outside without any sunglasses. Because of their young age, it is assumed that their eyes are more resilient to sunlight.

Fact

Children’s pupils are larger, which allows more UV rays to reach the retina. This means that their eyes are more vulnerable to damage caused by UV light.

Prolonged exposure to UV rays during earlier ages can increase the risk of future vision problems, such as cataracts, pinguecula and macular degeneration.

Boy and girl smiling wearing sunglasses

Sunglasses for children are designed to offer high eye protection, safeguarding their eye health as they grow.

Myth #6: When wearing a hat, sunglasses aren't necessary

When wearing wide-brimmed hats on sunny days, your eyes and face are provided with shade, making you feel like it’s a reasonable alternative to wearing sunglasses.

Fact

While hats efficiently contribute to blocking direct sunlight, they don’t shield your eyes from UV rays.

In fact, UV rays can reach your eyes by reflecting off surfaces like water, sand and pavement. 

Sunglasses and a hat on a beach towel

For optimal protection, wear sunglasses along with your hat.

What you should really know about sunglasses

Shopping for sunglasses is often seen as a style-related activity. While feeling confident in how you look is important, acknowledging their primary function and safeguarding your vision is even more important.

Prolonged exposure to UV radiation can damage the cornea and retina, leading to vision issues and conditions like cataracts and macular degeneration. 

In addition, the delicate skin around the eyes is particularly prone to UV damage, which can contribute to premature aging and an increased risk of skin cancer. 

This is why protecting your eyes with sunglasses that block high UV rays well is so important, even on cloudy days. When shopping, always prioritise UV protection, proper fit and comfort over price or aesthetics. 

By understanding the facts and debunking common myths about sunglasses, you can make informed decisions that safeguard your vision and overall health for years to come.

And if you still have doubts about any of these myths, feel free to reach out to our Opticians to ask for any clarifications.

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