LASIK Eye Surgery

LASIK Eye Surgery

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If you're tired of wearing glasses or contact lenses, laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis - better known as LASIK - surgery may be the solution for you.

Disclaimer: We at SmartBuyGlasses are not medical doctors. This article contains general information and advice. Speak to your eye doctor to find out if you are a suitable candidate for LASIK and what kind of results you can expect.

What is LASIK eye surgery?

Refractive surgery is the broad term for surgical procedures that correct vision problems, and the LASIK technique is the most commonly performed one. During LASIK surgery, an excimer laser is used to reshape the transparent tissue (cornea) at the front of the eye so that light focuses directly on the retina at the back of the eye.

The eye refracts (bends) light as it enters the eye, and for normal vision, the focal point of the light rays must be precisely on the retina. In eyes with a refractive error such as myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism, this is not the case, resulting in blurred vision.

LASIK eye surgery addresses this issue by modifying the shape of the cornea so that light rays are refracted correctly, thus providing clear vision. After LASIK surgery, patients can enjoy sharp visual acuity and a greater quality of life, without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

Refractive surgery is the broad term for surgical procedures that correct vision problems, and the LASIK technique is the most commonly performed one.

During LASIK surgery, an excimer laser is used to reshape the transparent tissue (cornea) at the front of the eye so that light focuses directly on the retina at the back of the eye.

The eye refracts (bends) light as it enters the eye, and for normal vision, the focal point of the light rays must be precisely on the retina.

In eyes with a refractive error such as myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism, this is not the case, resulting in blurred vision.

LASIK eye surgery addresses this issue by modifying the shape of the cornea so that light rays are refracted correctly, thus providing clear vision.

After LASIK surgery, patients can enjoy sharp visual acuity and a greater quality of life, without the need for glasses or contact lenses.

What conditions can LASIK eye surgery treat?

LASIK surgery is used to treat refractive errors, which are the most common causes of vision problems. The three most common refractive errors are myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.

In each case, light is refracted incorrectly but in different ways. If you have one of these conditions, refractive eye surgery may be effective in improving vision, as long as it falls within the treatment limits.

Myopia

Myopia, also known as shortsightedness and nearsightedness, is the most common vision problem in the world, affecting about 33% of the global population. People with shortsightedness have no problem with their close-up vision, but experience blurred vision when looking at distant objects.

With a nearsighted eye, the eyeball itself is elongated, causing the focal point of the light rays entering the eye to fall short of the retina. An overly-curved cornea can also have this effect, with the same vision results.

Myopia, also known as shortsightedness and nearsightedness, is the most common vision problem in the world, affecting about 33% of the global population.

People with shortsightedness have no problem with their close-up vision, but experience blurred vision when looking at distant objects.

With a nearsighted eye, the eyeball itself is elongated, causing the focal point of the light rays entering the eye to fall short of the retina.

An overly-curved cornea can also have this effect, with the same vision results.

Hyperopia

Hyperopia is commonly referred to as farsightedness, and, as the name suggests, is the inverse of nearsightedness. People with hyperopia have clear distance vision, but nearby objects appear fuzzy or blurry. An eyeball that is short in length is the cause of hyperopia, focusing light rays beyond the retina.

An eyeball that is short in length is the cause of hyperopia, focusing light rays beyond the retina.

Astigmatism

People affected by this refractive error have blurry vision both up close and farther away. An irregularly shaped cornea or lens is responsible for astigmatism.

Does LASIK eye surgery permanently correct your vision?

LASIK surgery alters the shape of your cornea, based on your vision requirements at the time of your surgery. This is a permanent change, and the corneal tissue will never revert to its previous shape. However, due to the natural aging process of the eyes, your vision will likely begin to deteriorate at some point, possibly necessitating glasses again.

Presbyopia is a condition affecting close-distance vision, and it tends to develop in most adults from the age of 40 onwards, again, as a natural part of aging. Even after a LASIK procedure, you’ll probably need to use reading glasses at some stage to treat presbyopia, but this will likely be years later.

Vision changes that occur after having refractive surgery are not an indication that the procedure has not worked, but a consequence of unrelated conditions that may develop afterwards. Many patients enjoy consistent vision for ten years or more following surgery (Ide et al., 2014).

LASIK surgery alters the shape of your cornea, based on your vision requirements at the time of your surgery.

This is a permanent change, and the corneal tissue will never revert to its previous shape. However, due to the natural aging process of the eyes, your vision will likely begin to deteriorate at some point, possibly necessitating glasses again.

Presbyopia is a condition affecting close-distance vision, and it tends to develop in most adults from the age of 40 onwards, again, as a natural part of aging.

Even after a LASIK procedure, you’ll probably need to use reading glasses at some stage to treat presbyopia, but this will likely be years later.

Vision changes that occur after having refractive surgery are not an indication that the procedure has not worked, but a consequence of unrelated conditions that may develop afterwards.

Many patients enjoy consistent vision for ten years or more following surgery (Ide et al., 2014).

Who is a good candidate for LASIK eye surgery?

Laser vision correction is not a suitable option for everyone. Even if you have a refractive error, there is no guarantee that the specifics of your condition will make it a viable option for you. You must also meet the following criteria in order to have the procedure:

You must be at least 18 years old, although it is better to wait until you’re in your 20s when your vision is more likely to have stabilised
Your vision prescription should have remained constant for at least the last year
Your corneas must be thick and healthy, and you must have healthy eyes in general
You need to have realistic expectations about what LASIK can do for your vision

Laser vision correction is not a suitable option for everyone. Even if you have a refractive error, there is no guarantee that the specifics of your condition will make it a viable option for you.

You must also meet the following criteria in order to have the procedure:

You must be at least 18 years old, although it is better to wait until you’re in your 20s when your vision is more likely to have stabilised
Your vision prescription should have remained constant for at least the last year
Your corneas must be thick and healthy, and you must have healthy eyes in general
You need to have realistic expectations about what LASIK can do for your vision

Unsuitable candidates

Even if you satisfy the requirements mentioned above, there are, unfortunately, some factors that can directly rule out the possibility of undergoing LASIK surgery. If any of the following apply to you, LASIK may not be a feasible option:

Your refractive error is unstable (still worsening)
You have extreme myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism
You suffer from severe dry eye syndrome
You have overly thin corneas
You have scars on your corneal tissue
You have keratoconus (cone-shaped corneas)
You have advanced glaucoma
You have cataracts
You have a history of certain eye conditions
You have diabetes that is not well controlled

Even if you satisfy the requirements mentioned above, there are, unfortunately, some factors that can directly rule out the possibility of undergoing LASIK surgery.

If any of the following apply to you, LASIK may not be a feasible option:

Your refractive error is unstable (still worsening)
You have extreme myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism
You suffer from severe dry eye syndrome
You have overly thin corneas
You have scars on your corneal tissue
You have keratoconus (cone-shaped corneas)
You have advanced glaucoma
You have cataracts
You have a history of certain eye conditions
You have diabetes that is not well controlled

Preparation for LASIK eye surgery

The first thing you need to do when considering LASIK surgery is to speak with an opthalmologist. They will be able to tell you to what extent the surgical procedure could be effective in your case, and give you realistic expectations for the outcome. They will then test your vision thoroughly to ensure you are a good candidate.

For those who wear contact lenses, you’ll have to take a break from them and wear glasses only for a few weeks before the eye doctor evaluates your potential as a candidate. The exact duration will depend on the type of contact lenses you wear and how long you’ve been using them. Your eye doctor will give you precise guidelines for this.

The opthalmologist will then check for the presence of other eye problems by means of a comprehensive eye exam. If there are no complications, they will then map the surface of your cornea (corneal topography) and check its thickness, as well as measure your pupils. These details are important for programming the computer used for laser surgery.

The first thing you need to do when considering LASIK surgery is to speak with an opthalmologist.

They will be able to tell you to what extent the surgical procedure could be effective in your case, and give you realistic expectations for the outcome.

They will then test your vision thoroughly to ensure you are a good candidate.

For those who wear contact lenses, you’ll have to take a break from them and wear glasses only for a few weeks before the eye doctor evaluates your potential as a candidate.

The exact duration will depend on the type of contact lenses you wear and how long you’ve been using them. Your eye doctor will give you precise guidelines for this.

The opthalmologist will then check for the presence of other eye problems by means of a comprehensive eye exam.

If there are no complications, they will then map the surface of your cornea (corneal topography) and check its thickness, as well as measure your pupils.

These details are important for programming the computer used for laser surgery.

The procedure

During laser eye surgery, the ophthalmologist or refractive surgeon will use eye drops to numb your eyes. They will then place a suction ring and eyelid speculum in your eye. These devices do not cause any pain, but you may feel some pressure from them. They hold your eyes in the correct position while also preventing you from blinking.

Using a laser or a device called a microkeratome, the eye surgeon will make an incision in your corneal tissue to create a thin flap, which is then folded back. You will be asked to stare at a fixed point ahead of you while the eye surgeon uses the laser to reshape your cornea according to the measurements taken by your ophthalmologist.

During this part of the procedure, you will hear a clicking sound and notice a strange odour. This is no cause for alarm, just a normal part of the laser treatment. The smell is created by the chemical reaction from the laser beam shaping the cornea.

Once the reshaping is complete, the eye surgeon will fold the corneal flap back over to its original position, where it will reattach by itself within two to three minutes and begin to heal.

During laser eye surgery, the ophthalmologist or refractive surgeon will use eye drops to numb your eyes. They will then place a suction ring and eyelid speculum in your eye.

These devices do not cause any pain, but you may feel some pressure from them. They hold your eyes in the correct position while also preventing you from blinking.

Using a laser or a device called a microkeratome, the eye surgeon will make an incision in your corneal tissue to create a thin flap, which is then folded back.

You will be asked to stare at a fixed point ahead of you while the eye surgeon uses the laser to reshape your cornea according to the measurements taken by your ophthalmologist.

During this part of the procedure, you will hear a clicking sound and notice a strange odour. This is no cause for alarm, just a normal part of the laser treatment.

The smell is created by the chemical reaction from the laser beam shaping the cornea.

Once the reshaping is complete, the eye surgeon will fold the corneal flap back over to its original position, where it will reattach by itself within two to three minutes and begin to heal.

Aftercare

You’ll be able to see after surgery, and your old corrective lenses won’t be effective anymore, but it will take two to three months for your vision to fully sharpen and stabilise. Patients usually experience a gritty, itchy, or burning sensation in their eyes immediately after laser surgery. You may be given eye drops or pain medication to use in the hours and days that follow.

You’ll have a follow-up appointment with your eye surgeon within a day or two of your surgery. They will check your condition and give you precise recommendations which must be closely followed throughout the healing process.

You’ll receive a protective shield to wear on your eyes while sleeping to avoid unwanted contact and prevent infection. This can be used for several weeks until the eyes heal. It’s essential to refrain from touching your eyes even in the daytime to allow the corneal flap to heal correctly.

You may have some pain, dry or watery eyes, puffy eyelids, or increased light sensitivity in the first week or so after laser eye surgery. You may also see a halo around bright lights for a while. This is normal and will subside with time. Eye drops can be effective in relieving dry eyes, but if you feel severe pain or that these symptoms are not improving as they should, consult your eye doctor.

Some activities pose risks to the healing process, so you may have to modify your regular routine for a little while after your procedure. It’s generally advised to avoid exercise for three days and refrain from playing contact sports for the first month post-op. Don’t use eye makeup or cosmetic products on or near the eyes for two weeks, and stay away from hot tubs for two months.

If you have doubts about any other activities that are a regular part of your lifestyle, ask your eye doctor’s advice and follow the time guidelines they give you.

You’ll be able to see after surgery, and your old corrective lenses won’t be effective anymore, but it will take two to three months for your vision to fully sharpen and stabilise.

Patients usually experience a gritty, itchy, or burning sensation in their eyes immediately after laser surgery. You may be given eye drops or pain medication to use in the hours and days that follow.

You’ll have a follow-up appointment with your eye surgeon within a day or two of your surgery.

They will check your condition and give you precise recommendations which must be closely followed throughout the healing process.

You’ll receive a protective shield to wear on your eyes while sleeping to avoid unwanted contact and prevent infection. This can be used for several weeks until the eyes heal.

It’s essential to refrain from touching your eyes even in the daytime to allow the corneal flap to heal correctly.

You may have some pain, dry or watery eyes, puffy eyelids, or increased light sensitivity in the first week or so after laser eye surgery.

You may also see a halo around bright lights for a while. This is normal and will subside with time.

Eye drops can be effective in relieving dry eyes, but if you feel severe pain or that these symptoms are not improving as they should, consult your eye doctor.

Some activities pose risks to the healing process, so you may have to modify your regular routine for a little while after your procedure.

It’s generally advised to avoid exercise for three days and refrain from playing contact sports for the first month post-op.

Don’t use eye makeup or cosmetic products on or near the eyes for two weeks, and stay away from hot tubs for two months.

If you have doubts about any other activities that are a regular part of your lifestyle, ask your eye doctor’s advice and follow the time guidelines they give you.

DID YOU KNOW?

The procedure usually only takes about 5 minutes per eye, with the actual laser treatment generally taking 5-15 seconds per eye.

What are the risks and side effects associated with LASIK?

There are risks associated with every kind of surgery, and refractive surgery is no different. The initial side effects mentioned in the section above generally go away after a week or two, but in some cases, they may continue for longer. Changing vision throughout the day is another initial side effect that can persist for some people.

Apart from standard side effects, there is the risk of complications stemming from laser eye surgery. Over 99% of patients do not experience any, according to the Cleveland Clinic, but it is useful to be aware of them.

Issues could arise with the cornea, potentially requiring treatment or surgery
Inflammation or infection of the eye could occur, which can be treated with medication
Eyesight that is worse than your pre-LASIK vision, usually untreatable

It is very rare that LASIK patients experience vision loss as a result of refractive surgery, but it is still possible. The risk of any surgical complications occurring with LASIK is less than 1%. There is always the risk that you may be disappointed with the results, especially if your expectations are too high, or if you’re hoping to never again have to wear contact lenses or glasses.

There are risks associated with every kind of surgery, and refractive surgery is no different.

The initial side effects mentioned in the section above generally go away after a week or two, but in some cases, they may continue for longer.

Changing vision throughout the day is another initial side effect that can persist for some people.

Apart from standard side effects, there is the risk of complications stemming from laser eye surgery.

Over 99% of patients do not experience any, according to the Cleveland Clinic, but it is useful to be aware of them.

Issues could arise with the cornea, potentially requiring treatment or surgery
Inflammation or infection of the eye could occur, which can be treated with medication
Eyesight that is worse than your pre-LASIK vision, usually untreatable

It is very rare that LASIK patients experience vision loss as a result of refractive surgery, but it is still possible. The risk of any surgical complications occurring with LASIK is less than 1%.

There is always the risk that you may be disappointed with the results, especially if your expectations are too high, or if you’re hoping to never again have to wear contact lenses or glasses.

Is LASIK eye surgery right for me?

Refractive surgery can be a life-changing procedure, allowing people to live more freely without having to worry about glasses or contact lenses. Many activities become much easier and more comfortable, such as water and contact sports, as well as the simple fact of waking up in the morning and being able to see immediately, without having to reach for your glasses or contact lenses.

As outlined in this article, having laser eye surgery is not simply a matter of deciding whether you want it or not. There are many criteria that must be met in terms of your eye and personal health, as well as the changes it will have to your personal life during the recovery period, and of course, the financial aspect.

Speak to your eye doctor about laser refractive surgery; they will be able to talk to you in detail about your concerns, and have the relevant knowledge of your existing medical conditions, your medical history and how it could be beneficial for you personally. In the meantime, feel free to ask our Opticians if you have any other enquiries about LASIK surgery or general eye health.

Refractive surgery can be a life-changing procedure, allowing people to live more freely without having to worry about glasses or contact lenses.

Many activities become much easier and more comfortable, such as water and contact sports, as well as the simple fact of waking up in the morning and being able to see immediately, without having to reach for your glasses or contact lenses.

As outlined in this article, having laser eye surgery is not simply a matter of deciding whether you want it or not.

There are many criteria that must be met in terms of your eye and personal health, as well as the changes it will have to your personal life during the recovery period, and of course, the financial aspect.

In the meantime, feel free to ask our Opticians if you have any other inquiries about LASIK surgery or general eye health.

References

Schallhorn et al. (2016), Patient-reported outcomes 5 years after laser in situ keratomileusis, Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery https://journals.lww.com/jcrs/Abstract/2016/06000

Ide et al. (2014), Outcome of a 10-year follow-up of laser in situ laser keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism, Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/via%3Dihub

Cleveland Clinic, LASIK Eye Surgery. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21805-lasik-eye-surgery

Mayo Clinic, LASIK Eye Surgery.Cleveland Clinic, LASIK Eye Surgery. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lasik-eye-surgery/about/pac-20384774

Eye Shapes

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Eye Shapes

Discover the 10 different eye shapes, how they impact eyesight and how to find the best frames to suit you.

If you were asked to describe what someone looks like, what features would you include in your description? For many, eye colour would be one of the first things mentioned. It is a very noticeable aspect of a person’s look, and is often the first thing that strikes us when meeting someone new.

Although it receives less attention, there is another ocular trait that impacts physical appearance and natural beauty; eye shape. You may have noticed someone has particularly wide, deep-set, or narrow eyes, but did you know there are actually ten different eye shapes that categorize this facial feature?

The 10 Different Eye Shapes

As opposed to face shapes (which are very loosely divided into four different options), eye shapes are defined in more detail, as evidenced by the larger number of categories.

The eye length, openness and angle of the eyes are among some factors involved in the classification of different eye shapes.

These small details are perhaps not something you consciously recognise, but they definitely have an effect on our overall perception of people’s faces.

Almond eyes

The defining characteristic of almond shaped eyes is that the iris touches both the top and bottom eyelid. This means that the sclera (the white part of the eye) is not visible directly above or directly below the iris, which touches both the upper and lower lash line.

As the name suggests, almond eyes have an elongated, oval/almond shape and taper off significantly towards the corners.

Round eyes

With round eyes, the white of the eye is visible both above and below the iris, which can make them stand out more.

The inner and outer corners have a less prominent taper than that of an almond eye shape. Round eyes also have a visible crease in the skin of the upper eyelid.

Protruding eyes

Some people’s eyeballs are naturally set further forward in the eye socket. The result of this is protruding eyes. The shape of the eyeball itself is more prominent, making the eyes look rounder.

The outer edges of protruding eyes are generally wider than those of most eye shapes. This means a large part of the sclera is visible, as the eyelids usually do not reach the iris.

Monolid eyes

The eyelids are the determining factor here, as they have no crease or fold. This sets monolid eyes apart from other eye shapes and gives them a very distinct appearance.

The monolid eye shape appears flat as the upper lid sits smoothly above the eyeball, rather than cling tightly to form a crease. This is also known as an epicanthal fold.

Downturned eyes

The main characteristic of downturned eyes is notable in the outer corners of the eyes. With most eye shapes, the outer corner is slightly higher than the inner corner. With downturned eyes, it is level with, or slightly lower than the inner corner.

The outer edge of the upper eyelid can also slope downwards more steeply than with other eye shapes.

Upturned eyes

Unsurprisingly, upturned eyes are the opposite of downturned eyes. In this case, the outer corner is positioned higher than the inner corner.

The overall shape is similar to almond eyes, but with the added lift in the outer corner. Upturned eyes are sometimes referred to as “cat-eyes”, and their is a clear resemblance between this eye shape and cat-eye glasses.

Close-set eyes

Rather than the shape or angle of the various parts of the eye, close-set eyes are defined by their position in relation to one another.

Eyes are generally considered to be close-set if the distance between the inner corners (from one tear duct to the other) is less than one eyeball width. Your eyes may be close set while also having a round, almond, or any other shape.

Wide-set eyes

Once again, it’s all in the name. If the distance between your eyes is greater than one eyeball width, your eyes are considered to be wide-set.

Although particularly wide-set eyes can be a trait attached to certain medical conditions, some people’s eyes are simply further apart than others.

Deep-set eyes

With deep-set eyes, the eyeball sits further back in the socket, creating the opposite of the bulging appearance associated with protruding eyes.

As the eyes are further back in the skull, the brow bone has a more prominent, even protrusive look.

Hooded eyes

Hooded eyes occur when there is an overhang of skin on the upper eyelid. This conceals the crease in the eyelid, with the excess fold of skin sometimes extending past the edge of the upper lash line, hence the name “hooded eyes”.

DID YOU KNOW?

The shape of your eyes can determine whether you are nearsighted or longsighted.

How do I find my eye shape?

Now that you’re up to speed on the different variations, you can determine your eye shape easily by observing your eyes in the mirror and taking note of their characteristics.

Look straight ahead and also from different angles. Do not attempt to open your eyes wider or flex any eye muscles to alter their shape, otherwise, you will not be able to determine your eye shape correctly.

Here is a brief run-through of the some different combinations of characteristics, and what eye shapes they indicate:

No visible eyelid crease – monolid eyes
Crease in eyelid, white visible above and below the iris – round eyes
Outer corners level with (or lower than) inner corners – downturned eyes
Flap of skin hiding the inward crease in the eyelid – hooded eyes
Top and bottom eyelids touching the iris, visible crease – almond eyes
Outer corners higher than inner corners with an upwards flick – upturned eyes
Prominent brow bone, round eyes with a lot of white visible – protruding eyes
Distance between eyes greater than the width of one eye – wide-set eyes
Distance between eyes less than the width of one eye – close-set eyes

Can eye shape affect vision?

The eye shapes detailed in this article refer to the aesthetic appearance of eyes and how they are positioned on the face. Your eye shape is a genetic trait that has an aesthetic effect on your appearance, but generally does not affect vision.

Eyeball length, on the other hand, is the cause of some common vision problems.

Myopia and hyperopia

An elongated eyeball is responsible for myopia (shortsightedness), which causes blurry distance vision. Conversely, if the eyeball is shorter than usual, it results in hyperopia (farsightedness), which blurs objects in your near field of vision.

Both conditions are refractive errors, direct results of the shape of the eyeball.

Exophthalmos

Protruding eyes can be a natural aesthetic trait caused by the position of the eyeballs in the skull.

However, if you don’t have naturally protruding eyes and you notice that they appear to be bulging, see an eye doctor immediately. Exophthalmos is a condition that causes one or both eyes to bulge, and is often an indicator of hyperthyroidism.

Ptosis

Hooded eyes are a hereditary trait, but eyelids also tend to droop with age, sometimes leading to a condition called ptosis. Ptosis occurs when the eyelid remains in a semi-closed position, or a flap of skin from the eyelid hangs over the upper lash line, obscuring vision.

If severe and left untreated, it can lead to vision problems like astigmatism or amblyopia. Ptosis can be surgically corrected, either for cosmetic reasons, or to prevent further vision obstruction or loss.

In the vast majority of cases, the natural shape of the eye does not need to be surgically altered, although some people seek cosmetic surgery to achieve their preferred aesthetic. Alternatively, some turn to makeup to achieve the same result less invasively.

Although you can’t permanently change the shape of your eyes by applying makeup, applying mascara, winged eyeliner, or a smokey eye could enhance or soften your natural features.

Choosing glasses for your eye shape

When choosing a new pair of glasses, you should always take your face shape into consideration to get the most harmonious aesthetic results.

Eye shape is less important, but there are certain frame styles that may complement your particular eye shape a little more than others.

Thin frames

Thin frames are a popular choice among most eyeglass wearers as they are featured in many different styles and colours.

Office-chic, rectangular black frames are a timeless choice, as are more rounded, golden frames with a delicate nose bridge. If you have close-set eyes, a frame with a thin bridge is a flattering option.

Bold frames

If you’re on the other end of the scale and have wide-set eyes, a chunkier frame will suit you well. Bold frames come in a range of colours— from shades of tortoise shell to transparent pink.

Bright colours with a chunkier frame can also draw attention away from the gap.

Geometric frames

Playing with geometric shapes can be a fun way to accessorise and add interest to your every-day look. Square frames create a flattering contrast to round eyes, however, round frames also suit round and protruding eyes.

For almond eyes, try to find a frame that’s similar to the eye shape itself, such as cat-eye frames.

No matter your eye shape, glasses can be used to embrace and enhance your natural features. What’s more important is to have fun with your look and choose a comfortable frame that reflects your personal style.

Confidence and comfort are key

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder, regardless of what shape it is! To really get the best results, choose a pair of glasses that you feel confident wearing and are comfortable in, even if it means going against the grain.

Although we may not be able to provide makeup tips, our optical experts are available to assist you in finding the most suitable glasses for any of your eye-care needs.

What is My Eye Colour?

Learn about the common eye colours and what that makes them unique.

What Does “Nearsighted” Mean?

Nearsightedness is the common way to refer to Myopia. Find out what it is, why it happens and how you...

Eye Anatomy

Our eyes are made up of many parts that work together with the brain. They are critical in helping us...

What is My Eye Colour?

Learn about the common eye colours and what that makes them unique.

What Does “Nearsighted” Mean?

Nearsightedness is the common way to refer to Myopia. Find out what it is, why it happens and how you...

Eye Anatomy

Our eyes are made up of many parts that work together with the brain. They are critical in helping us...

Tunnel Vision

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What Causes Tunnel Vision (Peripheral Vision Loss)

What is it? | What is an example of it? | Causes | Symptoms | Anxiety and PVL | Treatment | Is it permanent? | Reduce the risk | When to see a professional

Do you ever feel like your world is slowly shrinking? You’re not alone. Tunnel vision is something that many people suffer from for various reasons.

Disclaimer: We at SmartBuyGlasses are not medical doctors. This article contains general advice. If you experience tunnel vision, please consult your doctor or an eye care professional for treatment.

What is tunnel vision or PVL?

Tunnel vision, also known as Peripheral Vision Loss (PVL), is a medical condition where an individual experiences a narrowed field of vision. This condition can occur due to various reasons, such as optic nerve damage or brain injuries.

When tunnel vision occurs, people may find it difficult to see objects on the peripheries of their field of vision and might have trouble with activities that require them to scan their surroundings.

While for some individuals, tunnel vision develops over time, others may experience it suddenly due to an underlying medical condition. Although it’s not always treatable, there are various aids and treatments available to help people with PVL cope with the changes in their vision.

What is an example of tunnel vision?

Tunnel vision is a term used to describe a type of visual impairment where the individual’s side vision is severely reduced, resulting in a narrow visual field. This can lead to a person feeling as though they are looking through a tunnel, with everything outside the tunnel being blurry or completely out of sight.

What causes tunnel vision?

The causes of tunnel vision or tubular vision can vary from person to person and can be brought about by both physical and psychological factors. Physically, it can be caused by eye diseases such as glaucoma, cataracts or retinitis pigmentosa, among others.

On the other hand, psychological causes such as panic attacks can also trigger tunnel vision as a way of the body protecting itself from a perceived threat.

Migraine

Migraines can cause a range of visual disturbances, including tunnel vision, compromised vision on one side or total vision loss. Migraines can result from various ocular and nervous stimuli and can last anywhere from 10 minutes to multiple hours.

Retinal detachment

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina, located at the back of the eye, separates from the underlying tissue. The optic nerve, responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain, is directly impacted by retinal detachment, resulting in tunnel vision. Any changes in vision should be immediately evaluated by an eye care professional through a comprehensive dilated eye exam.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a medical condition that affects the eyes. It is caused by a buildup of pressure from excess fluid within the eye, which can result in peripheral vision loss. Glaucoma can lead to loss of vision if it’s not diagnosed and treated early.

Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is reduced. It can happen when blood vessels in the brain are blocked. One of the first symptoms of a stroke is loss to peripheral vision, resulting in a concentration on the central visual field.

Symptoms of tunnel vision

Tunnel vision affects an individual’s peripheral vision, causing them to see only a narrow channel while the rest of the surroundings become blurred or invisible. The symptoms are usually gradual and can go unnoticed at first.

If you start experiencing visual disturbances such as difficulty focusing on objects that are outside of your central vision, altered night vision or are having a hard time adjusting to dim lights, you may be experiencing tunnel vision symptoms.

Other symptoms include eye fatigue and headaches, especially when trying to focus for an extended period. In extreme cases, tunnel vision can cause a complete loss of peripheral vision, resulting in difficulty with balance. It is vital to consult a specialist or eye doctor if you believe you may be experiencing tunnel vision symptoms.

Is tunnel vision a symptom of anxiety?

When it comes to anxiety, there are a multitude of symptoms that can manifest themselves in different ways. One of these symptoms that people may experience is tunnel vision. It is important to remember that it is a common symptom of anxiety and can be managed with the right tools and techniques.

These could include things like deep breathing exercises, meditation or talking to a mental health professional to work through the root causes of your anxiety. Overall, it is important to remember that tunnel vision is just one symptom of anxiety and with the right support and resources, you can learn to manage and overcome it.

How do you treat tunnel vision?

We recommend that you consult your eyecare professional to discuss the treatment of tunnel vision as there are many factors to consider. Overall, when your doctor decides a course of treatment for tunnel vision, they will address the underlying cause.

Depending on the cause, they may recommend medications, surgery or lifestyle changes. For example, if your tunnel vision is caused by high blood pressure, you may be prescribed medication to control your blood pressure.

If it is caused by a migraine, your doctor may recommend migraine medication or lifestyle changes such as reducing stress, eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise. Whatever the cause may be, it is vital to seek medical attention. This can be a serious condition so your doctor will take a course of action to suit the severity of your case.

DID YOU KNOW?

Tunnel vision is caused by a number of health problems. Addressing the cause of this visual disturbance as soon as possible will help you make a faster recovery.

Is PVL or tunnel vision permanent?

The good news is PVL does not usually result in permanent vision loss. It’s a transient condition that occurs due to a variety of causes. It’s not uncommon to experience PVL or tunnel vision during high-pressure situations like exams or job interviews.

However, it’s important to seek medical help if you experience PVL or tunnel vision frequently, as it could be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Remember, taking care of your mental and physical health is extremely important and seeking professional help when needed is nothing to be ashamed of.

How to reduce the risk of tunnel vision

Our eyesight is precious and it’s important to take steps to protect it. One potential threat to healthy vision is tunnel vision. Fortunately, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of developing tunnel vision.

Firstly, make sure you know your family’s eye health history and visit the eye doctor regularly. Secondly, ensure that your workspace is well-lit, as dimly lit environments can cause undue strain on your eyes.

Finally, consider a well-balanced and nutritious diet with plenty of eye-healthy vitamins and make lifestyle choices to optimise personal health, such as avoiding smoking.

When to see a professional

Seeking help early on can often make the biggest difference in long-term outcomes. If you’re experiencing persistent symptoms or concerns that are affecting your daily life, it’s worth reaching out to a professional as soon as possible for support.

They can help you better understand your condition and provide appropriate treatments or referrals to specialists if necessary. At SmartBuyGlasses Optical Centre, we are here to reassure you with the facts so you can make informed choices about your health before visiting a doctor.

Eye Anatomy

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Eye Anatomy

Our eyes are made up of many parts that work together with the brain. They are critical in helping us interact with the world.

SUMMARY

The eye is a complex organ of the body.

The key parts include the cornea, lens, retina and optic nerve; each plays a role in capturing and processing light.

By understanding how the eye works, you can better recognise symptoms of vision problems and maintain eye health.

Human beings have five senses, sight being one of them. Eyes are responsible for giving us the sense of vision and allow us to see and experience all the beauty that surrounds us.

One of the most important organs in the body, eyes play a major role in day-to-day life and experiences. “Eyes are the windows to the soul” is an expression that is often used to describe the deep connection we feel when making eye contact with someone.

It is through our eyes and the sense of sight that we are able to connect with people, places and things. Small but mighty, it is essential to keep our eyes healthy. Most people tend to take sight for granted, without giving much thought to how it is all made possible.

Human beings have five senses, sight being one of them. Eyes are responsible for giving us the sense of vision and allow us to see and experience all the beauty that surrounds us.

One of the most important organs in the body, eyes play a major role in day-to-day life and experiences.

“Eyes are the windows to the soul” is an expression that is often used to describe the deep connection we feel when making eye contact with someone. It is through our eyes and the sense of sight that we are able to connect with people, places and things.

Small but mighty, it is essential to keep our eyes healthy. Most people tend to take sight for granted, without giving much thought to how it is all made possible.

What makes up an eye?

The human eye is a complex organ that enables us to perceive the world around us by capturing and processing light. The eye is made up of many light-sensitive cells and works in conjunction with the brain to provide us with the sense of vision.

Eyeballs are shaped like spheres and sit in a protective socket called the orbit. The eyeball consists of three layers that surround a clear jelly. This jelly, known as the vitreous, is inside the eye and helps maintain its shape.

The outer layer of the eye consists of the sclera and the cornea. The iris, pupil and crystalline lens (lens) are in the middle layer. And the innermost layer of the human eye is called the retina. Here is a quick breakdown of those main structures:

Cornea – the transparent structure at the front of the eye
Sclera – the white part of the eye that surrounds the iris
Iris – the coloured portion of the eye
Pupil – the black circle in the center of the iris
Lens – responsible for focusing light and images
Retina – the light sensitive tissue at the back of the eye

How does the eye work?

The eye is attached to six muscles that control eye movement. One muscle moves the eye right, one to the left and the other four move the eye up, down and on an angle.

Human eyes can see about 200 degrees in all directions, including in front of them and to the sides (AAO, 2023). The anatomy of the eye is complex, allowing us to see images, movement, depth and millions of colours.

The different parts of the eye work together to send visual information to the brain. When we see an object, we are actually seeing light reflecting off that object.

Sight starts at the cornea and ends in the brain. Light passes through the cornea to the lens. Here, light is focused on the retina. When light reaches the retina, at the back of the eye, images are changed into signals and sent through the optic nerve to the brain, allowing us to comprehend these images.

Each component of the surface, the middle and the inner layers has a role to play in the whole process, all working together, be it directly or indirectly.

The eye is attached to six muscles that control eye movement. One muscle moves the eye right, one to the left and the other four move the eye up, down and on an angle.

The different parts of the eye work together to send visual information to the brain. When we see an object, we are actually seeing light reflecting off that object.

Sight starts at the cornea and ends in the brain. Light passes through the cornea to the lens. Here, light is focused on the retina.

When light reaches the retina, at the back of the eye, images are changed into signals and sent through the optic nerve to the brain, allowing us to comprehend these images.

Each component of the surface, the middle and the inner layers has a role to play in the whole process, all working together, be it directly or indirectly.

The surface of the eye

The surface of the eye is covered with a clear membrane called the conjunctiva and is protected by the eyelids. Our eyelids are folds of tissue that are also lined with conjunctiva.

Eyelids are vital in keeping the cornea moist and protecting the eyes from foreign objects and bright light or excess light. During waking hours, they lay mucous over the eyes, and during sleep prevent evaporation of the mucous.

Behind the cornea is the anterior chamber. The anterior chamber is filled with a fluid called aqueous humour.

Aqueous humour is constantly produced and drained from the eye to maintain normal eye pressure. The aqueous humour also provides nutrients to the lens and cornea, which do not have blood vessels (AAO, 2023).

DID YOU KNOW?

Our eyes have over two million moving parts and contain our body’s most active muscles (CAO, 2023).

The middle layer of the eye

The iris and pupil are located behind the anterior chamber in the central portion of the eye. They work together to control the amount of light that reaches the lens. The lens is directly behind the pupil and its main function is to focus light towards the back of the eye.

Similar to a camera, the eye can adjust the amount of light that enters so that it can function in different lighting conditions, from dim to very bright light.

The aperture control on your camera will let more or less light in depending on the surrounding environment. In our eyes, muscles in the iris dilate (widen) or constrict (narrow) the pupil to control how much light enters the lens.

The ciliary body is located behind the iris and has small muscles that are attached to the lens. Together with the zonules, tiny thread-like fibres that hold the eye’s lens in place, these muscles allow the lens to change shape and focus on near or far objects.

When our eyes look at something very close to us, the zonules loosen and the lens thickens. When the eye looks at images far away, the muscles relax, the zonules tighten and the lens decreases in thickness. This causes images far away to come into focus.

Unlike a camera lens, which moves closer or further from an object to focus, the human lens does not move position but changes shape. When looking at a distant object, the lens becomes flattened. On the other hand, when looking at an object up close, the lens becomes rounded.

The iris and pupil are located behind the anterior chamber in the central portion of the eye. They work together to control the amount of light that reaches the lens.

The lens is directly behind the pupil and its main function is to focus light towards the back of the eye.

Similar to a camera, the eye can adjust the amount of light that enters so that it can function in different lighting conditions, from dim to very bright light.

Unlike a camera lens, which moves closer or further from an object to focus, the human lens does not move position but changes shape.

When looking at a distant object, the lens becomes flattened. On the other hand, when looking at an object up close, the lens becomes rounded.

After the lens focuses incoming light rays it reflects it on the retina. Refractive errors like farsightedness or nearsightedness occur when the lens improperly focuses images on the retina.

If the lens focuses light behind the retina, this leads to farsightedness. If the lens focuses light in front of the retina, nearsightedness occurs. You must speak with an eye doctor should you notice any differences in your vision. Prescription glasses or contact lenses may help in correcting these issues.

After the lens focuses incoming light rays it reflects it on the retina. Refractive errors like farsightedness or nearsightedness occur when the lens improperly focuses images on the retina.

If the lens focuses light behind the retina, this leads to farsightedness. If the lens focuses light in front of the retina, nearsightedness occurs.

You must speak with an eye doctor should you notice any differences in your vision. Prescription glasses or contact lenses may help in correcting these issues.

The inner layer of the eye

Once the retina senses the light from the lens, it is responsible for converting it into electrical signals to send to the brain. The retina comprises two parts, the macula, and the peripheral retina.

In the centre, the macula processes most of what is directly in view, or your central vision. The peripheral retina is responsible for your peripheral vision.

The retina is made up of many different light-sensitive cells. Photoreceptors are a type of cell that turn light into an electric signal so the brain can compute images.

Rods and cones are photoreceptors that work together to give a clear picture of what you’re seeing. Rods are sensitive to light and allow us to see in low-light conditions. Cones perceive colour and fine details and provide a sharp, accurate image (AAO, 2023).

These electrical impulses are sent through the optic nerve to the visual cortex, the part of the brain responsible for sight. The optic nerve is made up of millions of nerve fibres and is essential in transmitting all visual information, including brightness, perception, colour and contrast (AAO, 2023).

In the centre, the macula processes most of what is directly in view, or your central vision. The peripheral retina is responsible for your peripheral vision.

The retina is made up of many different light-sensitive cells. Photoreceptors are a type of cell that turn light into an electric signal so the brain can compute images.

Rods and cones are photoreceptors that work together to give a clear picture of what you’re seeing.

Rods are sensitive to light and allow us to see in low-light conditions. Cones perceive colour and fine details and provide a sharp, accurate image (AAO, 2023).

These electrical impulses are sent through the optic nerve to the visual cortex, the part of the brain responsible for sight.

The optic nerve is made up of millions of nerve fibres and is essential in transmitting all visual information, including brightness, perception, colour and contrast (AAO, 2023).

What conditions affect how the eyes work?

Various conditions can affect how our eyes function. Common vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism, as well as eye injuries, are among these issues.

Problems with the muscles in the eyes are common. Strabismus (crossed eyes) or amblyopia (lazy eye) can lead to physical and visual changes in the eye.

As we age, our eyes may change. Many people begin to lose close-range vision around the age of 45 (Cleveland Clinic, 2021) and may develop presbyopia. The lens may start to deteriorate and lead to the need for reading glasses. In more severe cases, a cloudy lens may be replaced with an intraocular lens through surgery.

Common problems like infection or irritation can cause redness, swelling or discomfort. If you notice changes in your vision or eyes, contact your eye doctor for a check-up.

Various conditions can affect how our eyes function. Common vision problems like nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism, as well as eye injuries, are among these issues.

Problems with the muscles in the eyes are common. Strabismus (crossed eyes) or amblyopia (lazy eye) can lead to physical and visual changes in the eye.

As we age, our eyes may change. Many people begin to lose close-range vision around the age of 45 (Cleveland Clinic, 2021) and may develop presbyopia.

The lens may start to deteriorate and lead to the need for reading glasses. In more severe cases, a cloudy lens may be replaced with an intraocular lens through surgery.

Common problems like infection or irritation can cause redness, swelling or discomfort. If you notice changes in your vision or eyes, contact your eye doctor for a check-up.

How can I keep my eyes healthy?

Eye anatomy is complex, and we must take care of our eyes in order for everything to function correctly. It is crucial to see an eye doctor regularly for eye exams to maintain eye health. If required and prescribed, wearing corrective lenses is vital to prevent further damage.

If you spend a lot of time in front of digital screens, consider wearing computer glasses or taking breaks and doing eye exercises. When outside, sunglasses with proper UV protection are essential.

Always wear protective eyewear during contact sports or if you have a job working with tools that could potentially lead to eye injuries.

If you have any questions about maintaining eye health, head to our Optical Centre and speak to one of our certified Opticians.

Reference List

American Academy of Ophthalmology (2023, April 29). Eye Anatomy: Parts of the Eye and How We See. Https://www.aao.org/. Retrieved July 10, 2023, from
https://www.aao.org/eye-health/anatomy/parts-of-eye
Canadian Association of Optometrists. (2023, April 12). Fun Eye Facts. Https://Opto.ca/. Retrieved July 10, 2023, from
https://opto.ca/eye-health-library/fun-eye-facts
Cleveland Clinic (2021, September 20). Eyes. Https://my.Clevelandclinic.org/. Retrieved July 10, 2023, from
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21823-eyes

How to Improve Vision

Let's go over practical tips on improving eyesight. Knowing proper eye care can save you from future issues.

What Causes Blurred Vision?

Blurred vision has a long list of potential causes, but these condition are responsible in the majority of cases.

How to Improve Vision

Let's go over practical tips on improving eyesight. Knowing proper eye care can save you from future issues.

What Causes Blurred Vision?

Blurred vision has a long list of potential causes, but these condition are responsible in the majority of cases.

What Does 20/20 Vision Mean?

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What Does 20/20 Vision Mean?

Visual acuity | 20/20 and perfect vision | What causes less than 20/20 vision? | Do you need glasses with 20/20 vision? | Vision test

Discover what 20/20 vision means and how it relates to normal eyesight.

SUMMARY

20/20 vision refers to normal visual acuity, meaning that you can see an object clearly from the standard distance for eye tests (20 feet away).

Since it only measures the clarity of distance vision, it doesn’t necessarily mean perfect eyesight, although people with 20/20 vision typically don’t require glasses.

Have you ever heard this term and wondered “what does 20/20 vision mean?” This article provides the explanation you’ve been looking for.

20/20 vision means that you can see an object clearly 20 feet (6m) away. It is a term used to indicate visual acuity (how clearly you can see).

For example, if you have 20/30 vision, that means that you can see at 30 feet (9m) what an average person with normal vision can see at 20 feet. In short, 20/20 vision is normal visual acuity.

Keep in mind that 20/20 vision is a term used mainly in the United States. In other countries, eye care professionals may say 6/6 vision instead, as the measurements are in meters and not feet.

Visual acuity

Visual acuity refers to the clarity or sharpness of vision. To measure visual acuity, eye doctors use a standard Snellen chart during an eye exam. The Snellen chart consists of several rows of letters, with the letters in each row decreasing in size from top to bottom.

During a visual acuity test, an individual is typically positioned at a distance of 20 feet (6 meters) from the eye chart. The person is asked to cover one eye while reading the letters on the chart aloud, starting from the top row and moving down until they can no longer accurately identify the letters. The test is then repeated with the other eye.

The results of the test are recorded as a fraction, with the numerator (first part of the fraction) representing the distance at which the test was conducted (usually 20 feet or 6 meters) and the denominator (second part of the fraction) representing the distance at which a person with normal visual acuity can read the line correctly.

Does having 20/20 vision mean you have perfect vision?

Having 20/20 vision does not necessarily mean that a person has perfect vision, although it is often considered to be within the normal range of visual acuity.

Visual acuity is just one aspect of overall visual function. Other factors contribute to the quality of vision, such as depth perception, color vision, peripheral vision and the ability to focus and track objects smoothly.

Additionally, visual acuity alone does not provide information about the health of the eyes or any underlying eye conditions.

To assess overall vision, eye care professionals conduct comprehensive eye examinations that evaluate various aspects of visual function, eye health and potential eye conditions.

So, while 20/20 vision is generally considered to be good, it does not guarantee perfect vision or exclude the possibility of other vision-related issues.

DID YOU KNOW?

The fact that you might have 20/20 vision is a good thing, but does not imply that your vision is perfect. Many other factors need to be taken into consideration when assessing your eyesight.

What causes you to have less than 20/20 vision?

Refractive errors and some eye conditions might cause an individual to have less than 20/20 vision and therefore the need for vision correction. These include:

Myopia
Hyperopia
Astigmatism
Presbyopia
Eye diseases
Eye injuries or trauma

Additionally, systemic health conditions, medications or genetic factors may also play a role in vision impairment. It’s important to note that the specific cause of reduced visual acuity can vary from person to person.

If you are experiencing a decrease in visual acuity or have concerns about your vision, it is recommended to consult with an eye care professional who can perform a comprehensive eye examination and provide a proper diagnosis.

If you have 20/20 vision, do you need glasses?

If you have 20/20 vision, it generally means that you have normal visual acuity and can see at 20 feet (6m) what a person with normal vision can see at 20 feet (6m). In most cases, individuals with 20/20 vision do not require glasses for clear-distance vision.

However, it’s important to note that visual acuity is just one aspect of overall visual function. Even for people with 20/20 vision, glasses, contact lenses or prescription sunglasses may still be required to correct vision for other visual needs.

When should I go for a vision test?

Eye exams are important for your overall health and well-being, just like any other regular check-up. By taking care of your eyes, you’ll make sure to detect any need for vision correction or identify issues and get the right treatment for them.

Routine eye exams: It is generally recommended for adults with no known eye conditions or risk factors to have a comprehensive eye exam every 1-2 years.
Children: Children should have their first comprehensive eye exam at around 6 months of age, followed by additional exams at age 3, before starting school, then once a year from age 5-13, and every two years from then on. Regular eye exams in childhood are crucial for identifying and addressing vision problems that can affect learning and development. vision.
Specific concerns or risk factors: If you have specific concerns about your vision or have risk factors for eye conditions, it is recommended to have a vision test.
Regular follow-up exams: If you have already been diagnosed with an eye condition, wear corrective lenses or have undergone eye surgery, follow the recommended schedule of regular check-ups and follow-up exams as advised by your eye care professional.
Age-related changes: As you age, your risk of developing age-related eye conditions such as presbyopia, cataracts, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration increases. Regular eye exams become particularly important for individuals over the age of 40 to monitor and manage any changes in vision or eye health.

Remember that these are general guidelines and individual circumstances may vary. It’s always best to consult with an eye care professional who can assess your specific needs and provide personalised recommendations on when to go for a vision test based on your age, health and risk factors.

Vitamins for Eyes

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Vitamins for Eyes

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Find out which vitamins and minerals play a role in maintaining good eye health.

Disclaimer: We at SmartBuyGlasses are not medical doctors. This article contains general advice. Always consult an eye doctor for personalised recommendations for your specific nutritional needs.

The eyes are not typically as closely associated with nutrition as other body parts, but should not be overlooked when considering what constitutes a good diet. We’re all well aware of the importance of diet as far as staying in shape is concerned, and you’ve probably heard about the properties of certain “brain foods.”

But how much do you know about the nutritional needs of your eyes?

Like other organs, the eyes can succumb to various diseases and conditions as we age. Unlike other tissues in the body, many of the cells in our eyes don’t grow back or repair themselves when they’re damaged.

This means you need to take proper care of your eyes while you’re young for the best chance of keeping them in good condition when you reach old age. Managing your nutrient intake effectively goes a long way to maintaining good eye health.

There is a range of vitamins and minerals that can help prevent the onset of certain diseases and allow your eyes to function as they are intended to. Read on to find out which ones you should be sure to include in your diet to keep your eyes strong and healthy.

What are the best vitamins for eye health?

The food we eat generally provides us with high proportions of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which our bodies need in large amounts. These are known as macronutrients. Micronutrients, on the other hand, are the dietary components that are needed in smaller quantities.

There are 27 different types of micronutrients, and all are extremely important in the proper functioning of the human body. Studies by the National Eye Institute have found that certain vitamins and minerals can help prevent certain conditions from occurring, or worsening in cases where they already exist.

Here we will provide an overview of which ones are the most beneficial to eye health and which foods they can be found in.

Vitamin A (Beta carotene)

Vitamin A is one of the most essential vitamins for overall eye health as it aids with a number of different parts and functions. The eye needs vitamin A to see in low-light conditions, and a dietary deficiency of it can lead to night blindness, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

The cornea, the eye’s outer protective layer, also requires vitamin A. A lack of vitamin A can inhibit the eyes from producing the normal amount of moisture to keep them lubricated. Vitamin A is found primarily in beta carotene, a type of plant pigment present in colourful fruits and vegetables.

The following foods are good sources of beta-carotene and vitamin A:

Orange and yellow vegetables like sweet potatoes, carrots, and pumpkins
Red pepper
Dark leafy greens like kale, spinach, and broccoli

The daily recommended dietary intake (RDA)of vitamin A is no more than 1.5mg. Too much vitamin A over an extended period could have adverse effects on bone health.

B vitamins

There are eight types of B vitamins, and research suggests that several of them promote eye health. Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, has been identified as having the potential to reduce the risk of getting cataracts, although the current research is not definitive. Vitamin B1 also reduces inflammation.

There is also research that suggests Vitamins B6 and B12 may help prevent the development of age-related macular degeneration(AMD), a disease that causes vision loss and can lead to blindness. In addition, a deficiency in B vitamins poses a risk of problems with the optic nerve at the back of the eye.

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is an antioxidant and can reduce oxidative stress in your eyes and other parts of your body. Scientists have noticed links between riboflavin deficiency and the occurrence of cataracts, the leading cause of blindness, indicating that riboflavin may help prevent this disease. 1.1-1.3mg of riboflavin per day is the recommended dietary dose.

Recent studies have found that vitamin B3, also called niacin, could play a role in preventing glsucoma. In the subjects observed during the research, there was a correlation between low niacin intake and the occurrence of glaucoma, but more research is needed before conclusions can be drawn.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant and is also required to make collagen, the protein that gives the eye its structure. The results of several studies indicate that vitamin C may help lower the risk of developing cataracts. Vitamin C is found in plenty of everyday foods, so it’s one of the easier ones to incorporate into your diet:

Citrus and tropical fruits like oranges, lemons, and pineapple
Leafy green vegetables like spinach and kale
Bell peppers and broccoli

DID YOU KNOW

Vitamin C boosts your immune system, helping your body to fight off infections and heal wounds quickly.

Vitamin E

Like vitamin C, vitamin E also has antioxidizing properties, which are required to protect your body’s cells from harmful, unstable molecules called free radicals. Vitamin E may slow the progression of age-related macular degeneration and reduce the risk of it reaching the advanced stages.

Vitamin E can be found in the following foods:

Nuts, seeds, and cooking oils
Salmon
Avocado and leafy green vegetables

Zinc

Zinc plays a part in the formation of visual pigments in the retina. As such, a lack of zinc in the diet may contribute to the occurrence of night blindness. One study showed that zinc had positive results in slowing the progress of age-related macular degeneration in affected patients, although more research is necessary to verify this.

Zinc can be found in:

Oysters and shellfish
Meat
Pine nuts and cashews

Omega 3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids have a whole host of health benefits for the body, especially in relation to cardiovascular functions. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a particular type of omega-3, is present in the retina in large amounts. It is very important for healthy brain and eye development during infancy, so if you have young kids, ensure it’s in their diet.

Studies have shown signs that DHA, as well as another omega-3 called eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), could aid in the production of tears, therefore benefitting sufferers of dry eyes. The anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids may also help prevent diabetic retinopathy.

The following foods are sources of omega-3 fatty acids:

Oily fish such as tuna and sardines
Nuts and seeds
Plant oils like olive oil and canola oil

Lutein and zeaxanthin

Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids, the same category that beta carotene falls into. They are present in the macula and the retina of the eye. As they are antioxidants, they may help to reduce oxidative damage to and pressure in the eye.

Lutein and zeaxanthin have been part of scientific studies, with results suggesting that they may help decrease the risk of developing both AMD and glaucoma. Lutein has also shown signs of helping improve vision in people with cataracts. Food sources of Lutein and zeaxanthin include:

Green leafy vegetables like kale, lettuce, and spinach
Egg yolks
Asparagus and broccoli

Can I get enough of these nutrients from food or do I need supplements?

In terms of both general health and eye health, it is always desirable for your nutritional needs to be met by whole foods alone. A balanced diet rich in all of these micronutrients, as well as the quantities and proportions of macronutrients necessary for the healthy functioning of the rest of the body, is the best way to go about it.

This is achievable, although it can take a lot of careful planning to cover all the bases. As outlined above, there are plenty of dietary sources of these vitamins and minerals, but if you are struggling to fit everything in, nutritional supplements are an option.

Before deciding to take any kind of supplement, speak with your doctor and follow their advice on the matter. If they tell you that it is safe for you to do so, there are a range of multivitamin options available that contain the vitamins and minerals listed here. There are also vision supplements designed specifically to promote eye health.

If you do go down the supplement route, always be conscious of expiration dates, and do your research on various manufacturers before settling on one. Organic supplements are preferable to non-organic ones. Once you’ve found one that seems suitable, double-check with your doctor and get their approval on it before you take it.

Good habits for eye health

Proper nutrition is just one way to take care of your eyes. There are many other simple measures that can play a role in maintaining good eye health and keeping problems at bay.

Prioritise good UV protection when choosing sunglasses to negate the harmful effects of the sun’s rays. Get regular eye tests to ensure your vision is adequately corrected so that eye strain is minimal.

Stay active. Regular exercise does wonders for the body and reduces the risk of vision problems that are linked to obesity. Similarly, smoking is detrimental to your overall health and increases the risk of eye diseases like cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration.

Finally, practising good hygiene when it comes to using contact lenses is vital for eye health. Wash your hands before touching your eyes, and change the saline solution every time you use your lenses.

Keep your eyes healthy

Eyesight is something that most people take for granted, and it is sorely missed when it goes. In most cases, when your sight starts to deteriorate, the vision that you lose cannot be regained, so start doing what you can now to preserve your vision and eye health.

Looking after your diet and making an effort to follow the tips in the section above can go some way to keeping your eyes as healthy as possible for as long as possible. If you have any questions regarding eye health, ask one of our opticians today.

Reference list

Aimin Wang, Jing Han, Yunxia Jiang, Dongfeng Zhang (2014), Association of vitamin A and β-carotene with risk for age-related cataract: a meta-analysis, National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25194611/

Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group (2001), A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8, National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11594942/

S E Hankinson, M J Stampfer, J M Seddon, G A Colditz, B Rosner, F E Speizer, W C Willett (1992), Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: a prospective study, National Library of Medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1392884/

William G Christen, Robert J Glynn, Emily Y Chew, Christine M Albert, Joann E Manson (2009), Folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin combination treatment and age-related macular degeneration in women: the Women’s Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study, National Library of Medicine.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19237716/

Rong Liu, Tian Wang, Bao Zhang, Li Qin, Changrui Wu, Qingshan Li, Le Ma (2014), Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration, National Library of Medicine.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25515572/

Mark Y.Z Wong, Ryan E. K. Man, Eva K. Fenwick, Ling-Jun Li, Rob M. van Dam, Preeti Gupta, Mary F. Chong, Ecosse L. Lamoureux (2018), Dietary intake and diabetic retinopathy: A systematic review, National Library of Medicine.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5764236/

N W Solomons, R M Russell (1980), The interaction of vitamin A and zinc: implications for human nutrition, National Library of Medicine.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6774607/

Eye Charts: Everything you need to know

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When you go to the eye doctor, reading an eye chart is often part of the checkup. Read our helpful guide on what it is and why it’s used.

We’ve all been there — sitting in the optometrist’s office, eagerly awaiting the news of whether we need glasses or if we have normal vision.

One of the first tests they do is to have you read an eye chart. Have you ever wondered what an eye chart actually is and how it works? In this article, we will explain exactly what an eye chart is and give some examples of different types.

Whether you’re trying to figure out if your distance vision needs help or are just curious about why these charts are used by optometrists worldwide, keep reading for everything you need to know!

When you go to the eye doctor, reading an eye chart is often part of the checkup. This chart helps measure how sharp your vision is. This measurement is known as visual acuity. If you don’t use glasses or contacts, the results from the eye chart help determine if you need them.

On the other hand, if you already wear corrective lenses in some form, the chart results help your eye doctor determine if any changes are needed for your prescription.

What are the different types of eye charts?

Eye charts play a crucial role in assessing visual acuity and measuring the sharpness of our vision. There are several types of eye charts used by eye care professionals, each serving a specific purpose.

Snellen Chart

The standard Snellen eye chart is the most widely recognised chart. It consists of multiple rows of letters, with each row decreasing in size.

Tumbling E Chart

The Tumbling E chart is commonly used for young children or individuals who are unable to read letters. Instead of letters, it features the letter “E” in different orientations that the patient can identify.

Landolt C Chart

The Landolt C chart is similar to the Tumbling E chart but uses the letter “C” in various orientations. Like the others, it assesses visual acuity and helps determine any astigmatism present.

Jaegar Chart

The Jaeger chart is specifically designed to assess near vision. It consists of paragraphs or blocks of text in varying font sizes, allowing the doctor to evaluate reading ability.

These are just a few examples of the eye charts used during eye exams. Eye care professionals carefully select the appropriate chart to accurately assess your visual acuity and prescribe the correct eyewear if needed.

How will your doctor use the Snellen eye chart?

To ensure accurate results and avoid memorization, it’s recommended to have someone assist you during the vision test using the eye chart. If you wear eyeglasses or contact lenses for tasks like driving or seeing at a distance, remember to wear them during the test.

Here's a step-by-step guide of how it will proceed:

The chart will be positioned on a wall or easel exactly 10 feet away from you.
You will cover one eye using your hand, a large spoon or any object that completely blocks the vision of that eye. Avoid applying pressure, as it can affect the eye’s vision during the test.
Identify a line on the chart that you can comfortably read, then read the letters on that line aloud. Your doctor will stand nearby and record your accuracy.
Continue attempting to read the letters on each progressively smaller line without squinting.
Your doctor will stop you when you fail to correctly identify at least 50% of the letters on a line.
Switch to the other eye and repeat the process.

How to read eye chart results

A standardised eye chart exam is a crucial part of monitoring your eye health. Although possessing perfect vision is an ideal scenario, many of us require some form of correction to maintain good eyesight.

Once you’ve completed the Snellen visual acuity test, understanding the results can be daunting. But fear not – interpreting them is a simple process.

Your score will indicate your visual acuity or the clarity of your sight at various distances. The lower your number, the better your vision. If your score is higher, it means you may need correction aids such as glasses or contacts. Remember to schedule regular eye exams to ensure you’re up-to-date on your eye health status.

Does 6/6 visual acuity mean perfect vision?

Visual acuity is a measure of how sharp a person’s vision is and a normal visual acuity is typically considered to be 6/6. However, many people often mistakenly believe that having 6/6 visual acuity means that they have perfect vision. This is not necessarily true.

Visual acuity testing only measures a person’s ability to see at a specific distance, usually 20 feet away. It does not take into account other important factors such as depth perception, colour vision and peripheral vision.

Additionally, a person’s visual acuity can be affected by a variety of conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. So, while having 6/6 visual acuity is certainly desirable, it does not guarantee perfect vision due to other factors.

DID YOU KNOW

Although 6/6 visual acuity is widely known as perfect vision, there are a number of other eye health factors that means this is not the case for everyone.

What is the history of the Snellen Eye Chart?

The eye chart, a fundamental tool in assessing vision, has an intriguing history. In the mid-19th century, a Dutch ophthalmologist named Herman Snellen introduced the Snellen chart, revolutionizing eye testing. This chart featured rows of letters in various sizes, enabling doctors to measure visual acuity with precision.

Over time, other types of charts emerged, such as the Tumbling E chart for children and the Landolt C chart for astigmatism assessment. The development of standardised eye charts paved the way for consistent vision testing worldwide.

Today, digital advancements have enhanced the testing process, but the basic concept of the eye chart remains a cornerstone in eye care, helping professionals diagnose vision issues and prescribe appropriate corrective measures.

What is the difference between a vision test and an eye exam?

When it comes to caring for our eyes, it’s important to understand the distinction between a vision test and an eye exam. At its core, a vision test usually involves testing visual acuity or how well you can see at a distance. This commonly involves reading letters or numbers from a chart such as those outlined in this article.

However, a more comprehensive eye exam will typically include other diagnostics, such as testing already corrected visual acuity (with the help of prescription eyeglasses or contacts), checking for colour blindness and evaluating the health of the eye itself.

Why do I need a vision test or eye exam?

These additional tests can help detect a wider range of eye issues, from basic vision problems to more serious conditions like cataracts or glaucoma.

Knowing information about the tools that eye doctors use to assess your vision can make appointments less daunting. If you would like to know more about eye health, visit our Optical Centre.

What Are the Three Types of Eye Doctors?

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What Are the Three Types of Eye Doctors?

Learn about the different roles of ophthalmologists, optometrists and opticians, and the services they offer.

SUMMARY

The three types of eye doctors are:

1. Ophthalmologists: Medical professionals specialised in eye and vision care. Their services include diagnosis, treatment of eye diseases and surgical procedures.

2. Optometrists: Doctors of Optometry who provide primary vision care, such as eye exams, sight tests and corrective lens prescriptions.

3. Opticians: Technicians trained to fit and dispense eyeglasses and contact lenses based on prescriptions. They are not qualified to diagnose or treat eye conditions.

People tend to take their health for granted, and eye health is no exception. The general vision comfort and lack of eye pain that most of us enjoy on a daily basis isn’t given a second thought, until that situation changes. When it does, we become acutely aware that something isn’t right, but we can’t diagnose and treat it ourselves.

So who should you seek eye care from? An optometrist, ophthalmologist, or optician? Are they all eye doctors? Are they all medical doctors? Choosing the right eye care professional plays an important role in maintaining your eye health.

There are actually just two main types of eye doctors: optometrists and ophthalmologists. Opticians can provide certain optical services but they are not healthcare professionals. If you are confused about the role of each one and what they can do to help, here is our guide explaining the key differences between them.

What is an ophthalmologist?

An ophthalmologist is a doctor who specialises in eye and vision care. Ophthalmologists are the most highly qualified eye care specialists and are licensed to practice medicine.

This enables them to diagnose and treat a wide range of vision disorders and eye health problems, and to perform eye surgery. To see an ophthalmologist, you need a referral from an optometrist or a GP.

DID YOU KNOW

Most ophthalmologists participate in academic research at some stage in their training, and many continue it throughout their careers.

Ophthalmologists generally complete 12-14 years of education, including medical school and additional medical training. They can specialise in a specific area, meaning they may have more in-depth training and knowledge on certain complex conditions and eye diseases.

Ophthalmologists provide the following services:

Vision services: performing eye exams and vision tests, prescribing and fitting eyeglasses to correct vision problems.
Diagnosing and prescribing medications to treat eye diseases such as glaucoma, iritis, and chemical burns
Performing eye surgery for trauma, cataracts
Plastic surgery relevant to the eyes, such as eyelid surgery
Implementing laser therapy

What is an optometrist?

An optometrist is a doctor of optometry as opposed to a medical doctor. This is the main difference between an optometrist and an ophthalmologist. After college, they complete an average of four years (this can vary from country to country) of optometry school rather than medical school.

They receive a doctor of optometry degree upon completion of their professional program. As they are licensed to practice optometry, their primary responsibility is to provide vision care services such as eye exams and vision tests, as well as to detect certain eye conditions and prescribe medications.

They are not trained or licensed to perform surgical procedures and will refer you to an ophthalmologist if surgery is required.

Optometrists provide the following services:

Primary vision care services: eye exams, sight testing, and routine eye care
Writing prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses
Fitting corrective lenses and other visual aids to correct refractive errors such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism
Prescribing medications to treat eye conditions and some eye diseases
Providing post-surgical eye care and vision therapy

What is an optician?

Opticians, also called optical dispensers in some countries, are not eye doctors, so performing medical and surgical procedures is beyond their remit. An optician is a customer care representative in a vision care store or in an optometrist’s office. They sometimes also provide online assistance, as is the case with our ask the optician feature.

They are technicians trained to design, verify, and fit the frames and lenses of eyeglasses and contact lenses. They are not permitted to diagnose or treat eye conditions, give medications or perform surgeries to treat eye diseases.

Opticians provide the following services:

Fitting and dispensing corrective lenses for eyeglasses or contact lenses based on the prescription written by the optometrist/ophthalmologist
Selling, adjusting, and repairing eyeglasses and contact lenses
Providing information related to types of lenses and frames to help you decide which works best for you

Which type of eye doctor should I see?

The type of eye doctor you choose will depend largely on your condition and the type of eye care required. If your eyes are healthy and you do not need any prescription medications or surgical treatment, you can go to either an optometrist or an ophthalmologist, as both can perform routine eye checks.

If you have common, minor eye problems such as dry eyes or eye infections, you can seek out medical treatment from an optometrist.

If your eye problems are more severe such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, or cataracts, you need a highly trained and skilled eye specialist as they have the ability to monitor and treat your condition.

In these situations, an ophthalmologist is your ideal choice. The ophthalmologist may be required to perform surgery if needed to treat your eye disease. You’ll need a referral from your GP or optometrist should this be the case.

Last but not least, referrals are often a good idea when you are choosing an eye doctor. You can look for recommendations from friends and family to help you to find a competent eye specialist who you trust.

How often should I get an eye test?

Regular eye tests are key to maintaining healthy vision. Due to the nature of the eye and the processes of growth and aging, the recommended frequency of eye tests is not the same for every age group.

6 months – 5 years old: In the absence of signs of vision loss, a child should have their first eye test at 6 months old. They should then have another one between the ages of 3 and 5 years old. If you ever have concerns about your child’s vision, for example, if they often walk into things or are accident prone, seek to see a professional.
6-18 years old: Children and teenagers grow rapidly, which means that vision problems can develop suddenly. Annual eye tests ensure that any potential vision changes are detected and the cause treated as soon as possible.
19-64 years old: An eye test every two years is advised for people in this age bracket. More regular tests could be necessary depending on eye health and family medical history .
65+ years old: Many eye problems can develop or worsen as we get older, sometimes as a result of other existing health conditions. Yearly eye tests are recommended for those over the age of 65, in order to monitor the progress or potential development of conditions like presbyopia , cataracts, or age-related macular degeneration.
These are just general guidelines. You should always follow the advice of your eye doctor in relation to how often you need to get your eyes tested. People with different vision and eye health issues may require check-ups more frequently than what is outlined above.

Choosing the right eye care professional

Ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians are all different types of eye care professionals, educated and trained to perform different functions. When you have a problem with your eyes or eyewear, try to evaluate the severity of the situation before deciding on the best course of action.

For example, ophthalmologists are the most highly qualified eye health professionals capable of providing the most complete eye care. As such, there could be a longer waiting list for an appointment with an ophthalmologist than an optometrist. But depending on the eye care you require, an optometrist may be able to provide the same service, possibly at an earlier date.

When your prescription is up to date, and your needs are strictly related to your eyewear, you can go to an optician. They can give advice and recommendations on which types of lenses and frames would work best for you, provide new eyewear, and repair or adjust your glasses.

At the same time, remember that an optician is not a medical doctor and therefore cannot diagnose or treat your eye disease. An optometrist can write prescriptions to treat certain conditions, but will not be able to provide surgical intervention if it’s needed.

Consulting the wrong person can be a waste of time for both you and the eye health professionals, and will only prolong and possibly exacerbate your problem. To ensure you get the necessary eye care as efficiently as possible, bookmark this article for quick access and check it whenever you have doubts about who you should see.

You can ask our opticians if you’re still unsure, and they’ll be able to point you in the right direction.

What is the Fastest Way to Heal a Scratched Eye?

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What Is the Fastest Way to Heal a Scratched Eye?

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A scratched cornea is a small but painful injury. Learn how to deal with one and ensure it heals as quickly as possible.

Disclaimer: We at SmartBuyGlasses are not medical doctors. This article contains general advice. If your scratched eye is weeping or extremely painful, consult your doctor or an eye care professional for treatment.

What is a scratched cornea?

A scratched eye is quite a common injury that, thankfully, usually heals itself. The specific part of the eye concerned is the cornea.

The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil. It allows light to enter and helps the eye to focus. It is the most protrusive and exposed part of the eyeball, so it can become damaged or scratched relatively easily in a number of ways.

A scratched cornea is also known as a corneal abrasion. Although corneal abrasions are generally minor eye injuries, they can still cause significant pain. If left untreated, an eye infection or corneal ulcer can develop, so it’s important to know how to deal with one.

Corneal abrasion causes & risk factors

Corneal abrasions can occur quite easily through a combination of your own hands and foreign objects coming into contact with the eyeball. Accidental poking with a pen, makeup brush, or fingernail is a common cause, as are small particles like sand, dust, or ash entering the eye.

We often instinctively rub our eyes when this happens, which can create friction between the small particles and the cornea, causing an abrasion. Even without the presence of corneal foreign bodies, rubbing your eyes too hard can scratch the cornea. Overuse of contact lenses or improper contact lens hygiene is another risk factor.

Playing sports or engaging in other physical activities without proper protective eyewear leaves you open to the possibility of a scratched cornea, while they can also stem from certain types of eye infections. Even eye surgery can be responsible for a corneal abrasion if sufficient eye protection is not used.

DID YOU KNOW

Vitamin C boosts your immune system, helping your body to fight off infections and heal wounds quickly.

Corneal abrasion symptoms

It’s possible to scratch your cornea without immediately realising that it has happened. You will likely feel the effects of it, although they too can take some time to set in. The first symptom is usually pain when opening or closing the eye, or the feeling that there is something stuck in it.

Some of the following symptoms will also likely be present in the case of a corneal abrasion:

Watery eyes or excessive tearing
Redness in the eye
Sudden sensitivity to light
Swelling of the eyelids
Sudden blurred vision or loss of vision
Eye twitching
Nausea
Dull headache

How to deal with a suspected corneal abrasion

Experiencing some of the above symptoms is not a surefire indicator that your cornea is scratched, as they can also be symptoms of other, unrelated eye problems. However, a combination of them after exposure to some of the risk factors cited in this article means there’s a good chance that you have indeed scratched your eye.

If you suspect that you may have a corneal abrasion, here are some steps you can take to prevent the situation from worsening:

Consult an eye doctor
Flush the eye out with water or saline solution, without rubbing it (but no more than once or twice)
Wear sunglasses to reduce light sensitivity
Use a cold compress to relieve swelling, pain, and discomfort
Keep your face and eyelids clean
Rest your eyes and avoid straining them

You may be tempted to try and take action to minimise your pain or discomfort, but you could end up doing more harm than good. If you suspect your cornea is scratched, make sure you go see your doctor and avoid doing the following:

Don’t rub your eye
Don’t try to remove anything from your eye with tweezers or any other instruments
Don’t apply an eye patch unless instructed to do so by an eye doctor
Don’t wear eye makeup
Don’t wear contact lenses until your eye doctor tells you it’s ok
Don’t try to flush out your eye with anything other than clean water or sterile saline solution

How to treat a scratched cornea

The steps above are to be followed as soon as you suspect you may have a corneal abrasion and should help relieve irritation. As they’re often mild to moderate, most corneal abrasions heal by themselves, so medical intervention is not always strictly necessary. But we recommend seeing your doctor if it doesn’t begin to subside within a day or two.

If there is continued eye pain, a change in vision, or light sensitivity after the scratch or eyeball trauma, seek emergency care. A foreign object lodged in the eye, a loss of vision, or a high-force impact on the eye may require a visit to the emergency room.

Medical treatment

An eye doctor will be able to remove any small object that may be lodged in the eye, and also examine it for damage and check your vision. If they need to remove an object, they’ll apply topical anesthesia on the eye so it won’t hurt, and use an appropriate instrument to extract the particle.

They may then prescribe you antibiotic eye drops or ointment to prevent infection, or pain relievers. Ciprofloxacin or moxifloxacin eye drops are common choices for this. In some cases, the doctor may apply a bandage contact lens or therapeutic contact lens. They protect the cornea, relieve pain associated with blinking, and aid the cornea’s healing process.

Recovery time

The saying goes that time heals all wounds, and with most eye scratches, that rings true. In the majority of cases, there is only a minor scratch, so generally, the eye heals in 24-48 hours. Following the guidelines laid out in this article should help the injury subside in this timeframe.

If you’ve suffered a scratched eye and are still experiencing symptoms after 48 hours, consult an eye doctor, and they will examine your eye and treat the injury accordingly.

Prevention is better than a cure

While there are best practices you can follow when you have a scratched eye, there is no immediate fix. The best way to avoid the pain and discomfort that come with a corneal abrasion is to take appropriate precautions to prevent one from happening in the first place.

In outdoor or work situations where there is a risk of foreign matter like metal particles or sand entering the eye, wear safety glasses. The same applies to playing sports with an elevated risk of something coming into contact with the eyes.

In the event that something does enter your eye, resist the urge to rub it. Instead, blink several times or gently pull the upper eyelid over the lower eyelid. Rinsing with water or saline solution can flush the object out before it has time to do any damage.

A small scratch on your eye may heal relatively quickly, but if you can avoid one altogether, you’ll save yourself some pain.

Watery Eyes in the Morning

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Watery Eyes in the Morning

Tears are discharged through your tear ducts and then evaporate. If your eyes produce too many tears, this may result in watery eyes.

Our eyes can tear up or water for many reasons. If you wake up in the morning and notice that your eyes are more watery than usual, you may have what is called epiphora.

Epiphora is the medical definition of watery eyes, which indicates that your eyes are producing too many tears or something is stopping the tear drainage system from working properly.

This article will cover the most common causes and symptoms of watery eyes in the morning and provide solutions that can help.

Causes of watery eyes (epiphora)

Tears play a vital role in maintaining the health and lubrication of the eyes, but when their production becomes excessive, it can lead to watery eyes. This condition can occur due to various factors, ranging from environmental triggers to underlying eye conditions.

Lack of correct tears components (that help to help your tears ‘stick’ to your eyes)
Allergies
Eye irritation due to the weather
Blocked tear duct
Eye strain
Eye infection (i.e., pink eye)
Dry eye syndrome
Eyelid inflammation

Symptoms of watery eyes

Watery eyes can manifest with other symptoms in addition to excess tears. These symptoms may vary depending on the underlying cause. Here are some common symptoms associated with watery eyes:

Excessive tearing
Blurred vision
Redness
Eye discomfort (i.e., itchy eyes)
Eyelid swelling
Vision changes
Watery or sticky discharge

Watering and dry eyes

One of the most common causes of watery eyes is dry eye syndrome. When your eyes are extremely dry, it can lead to an overproduction of tears. This happens because the lack of proper lubrication prompts your eyes to continuously generate excessive tears, thereby perpetuating the cycle.

The cause of dry eyes is usually an imbalance in the composing ingredients of the tears. You should contact your eye doctor for a check-up to determine the best treatment.

Blocked tear ducts

Blocked tear ducts, also called lacrimal ducts, are another common cause of watering eyes among adults and older children.

Tear ducts are responsible for draining tears from the surface of the eye into the nasal cavity. When these ducts become partially or completely obstructed, tears cannot drain properly, resulting in an accumulation of tears and watery eyes.

The obstruction may become more pronounced during periods of inactivity, such as during sleep. When you sleep, the tear system production continues, but the drainage pathway may be limited or completely blocked, causing tears to pool on the eye’s surface.

Upon waking up in the morning, you may notice excessive tearing and watery eyes due to accumulated tears overnight.

DID YOU KNOW

The most common causes of watery eyes (epiphora) in the morning are dry eyes and blocked tear ducts. These may cause an accumulation of tears on the surface of the eye during sleep time.

Watering eyes in babies

Watery eyes in babies is usually nothing to be concerned about. It is mainly due to obstructed tear ducts, which prevent normal tear production and draining of the eye. (Dhiman et al. 2017)

Gently massaging the tear ducts while applying light pressure with the finger and thumb to the outer side of the nose can potentially help dislodge tears.

Another reason can be that some newborns are born with underdeveloped tear ducts. This is why watery eyes often clear up in a few weeks when the tear ducts develop. In any case, we recommend seeing a professional for the right diagnosis and treatment.

How do I manage watery eyes?

Since different factors can cause epiphora, treatments to mitigate and cure this condition can vary. Here are some suggestions that can help alleviate watery eyes:

Artificial tears: lubricating eye drops, also known as artificial tears, can help relieve dryness and irritation that may contribute to watery eyes. These eye drops can help maintain moisture on the ocular surface and reduce excessive tear production.
Warm compresses: applying a warm compress to the eyes can help open up blocked tear ducts and promote proper drainage. Soak a clean washcloth in warm water, wring out the excess moisture and place it gently over closed eyes for a few minutes.
Adjust your screen time: prolonged screen use might contribute to your watery eyes. Take regular breaks and consider getting a pair of blue light-blocking glasses. This can help reduce eye strain and excessive tearing.
Protect your eyes from the surrounding environment: if your watery eyes are triggered by allergies or irritants, try to minimise exposure to these substances. Also, when outdoors on windy days or in dusty or dry environments, wear wraparound sunglasses or protective eyewear to shield your eyes from irritants.

Always remember that these are general guidelines. If the problem persists or worsens, we recommend consulting an eye doctor for professional medical advice on the causes and best treatment.

If you have any doubts about watery eyes or any other query related to eye health, you can contact our online certified opticians for a free consultation.

References

Chawla, B., Dhiman, R., Chandra, M., Bajaj, M., & Pushker, N. (2017). Clinical profile of the patients with pediatric epiphora in a tertiary eye care center. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 65(1). PubMed Central. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.202306

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What Causes Tunnel Vision (Peripheral Vision Loss)

What is it? | What is an example of it? | Causes | Symptoms | Anxiety and PVL | Treatment | Is it permanent? | Reduce the risk | When to see a professional

What is tunnel vision or PVL?

What is an example of tunnel vision?

What causes tunnel vision?

Migraine

Retinal detachment

Glaucoma

Stroke

Symptoms of tunnel vision

Is tunnel vision a symptom of anxiety?

How do you treat tunnel vision?

DID YOU KNOW?

Is PVL or tunnel vision permanent?

How to reduce the risk of tunnel vision

When to see a professional

Eye Anatomy

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